Should Abortion Be Legal - 1545 Words

J.K. Rowling once said, â€Å"Killing is not nearly as easy as the innocent believe.† When thinking of someone’s life the outcomes do not come to mind until they are played out in the real world. Even though people cannot be present to claim their right they should always be taken in mind. When talking about abortion the fetus plays a big part since it’s what is lost and what is causing much pain and changes .Loss of rights, psychological damage, taxes , and adoption should be taken in mind when discussing rather abortion should be illegal. To illustrate, â€Å"abortion is an issue that involves competing rights† since the mother is thought of having the right to not be pregnant but the fetus has the right of living a life and not to be killed.†¦show more content†¦The nation’s teen abortion rate has dropped to its lowest level since the procedure became legal, according to an analysis by Guttmacher Institute. Abortion rates are lower for y ounger than for older teens. Although the abortion rate is higher among older teens, the proportion of pregnancies that end in abortion is twice as high among those younger than 15 as it is among their older peers (Kost, 2014). For teens, abortion may mean never being able to have children. Abortion is an identified risk factor in breast cancer (Brind 1996). However, there are physical, social and psychological consequences of abortion, and these may be worse for teens. It’s known that one hundred sixty percent of women who have aborted are more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric treatment than delivering women, after ninety days of aborting. A study of post-abortion done after eight weeks after showed that forty-four percent complained of nervous disorder, thirty-six percent have experienced sleep disturbance, thirty-one had regrets about their decision, and eleven percent had been prescribed psychotropic medicine by their family doctor (Eliot, 2011). Post-abortion women tend to use a coping mechanism where denial is mused for a long period of time before seeking psychiatric help. The repressed feeling can lead psychosomatic illness and psychiatric or behavioral in other areas of women life. Many women are

Martin Luther, A Christian Theologian And Augustinian Monk

Gustavo Huangal October 8, 2014 Bible 2nd Assessment Martin Luther Martin Luther, a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk has taught and inspired the Protestant Reformation. His translation of the Bible has helped to develop the correct version of the German language. Martin Luther was a great man. Martin Luther was born on the 10th of November, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. Hans and Margaretha Luder were his parents. In 1501, he had been enrolled in the University of Erfurt at the age of seventeen. But all of that changed during a harsh thunderstorm where a lightning bolt struck near him on his way back to school. With terror he yelled these words, Help St. Anne! I ll become a monk! Since then, he dropped out of law school and started attending monastery there. He would devote himself only to things like fasts, long hour prayers, and constant confessions. He tried a lot to change this, but the more he tried to do this for God, it always seemed that he became more aware of his sinfulness. Martin Luther eventually ended up being good with God personally when his teacher, Johann von Staupitz, ordered that Luther needed more work to distract him from all his thoughts. So then Luther was ordained to the priesthood. So in the year of 1508, Martin Luther started to teach theology at the University of Wittenberg. The difficult time of study for academic degrees and preparation for the hard lectures drove Martin Luther to study the Scriptures very deep. Luther engagedShow MoreRelatedMartin Luthers Life and Teachings Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther was a Christian theologian and an Augustinian monk. He was born on November 10, 1483 to Hans and Margaretha Luder in Eisleben, Germany. The day after his birth he was baptised on the day of the St. Martin of Tours. Martin’s father wanted more for his youngest son so he did everything he could to get his son involved in the civil service and bring honor to their family. His father sent him to various schools in Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. In 1501, at the age of seventeen, MartinRead MoreMartin Luther Argumentative Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesof events triggered by one priest, Martin Luther. (Schilling) Although some historians allege that Martin Luther’s theology was reactionary due to its roots in medieval Christianity, his beliefs that the hierarchy of the church was unnecessary and that salvation was achieved through faith demonstrates that he was a revolutionary who triggered vast reforms to the Roman Catholic monopoly which had all the religious and political power. The revolutionary Martin Luther, who postulated that God had calledRead More Martin Luther Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther Martin Luther was a German theologian and religious reformer, who started the Protestant Reformation, and whose vast influence during his time period made him one of the crucial figures in modern European history. Luther was born in Eisleben on November 10, 1483 and was descended from the peasantry, a fact that he often stressed. Hans Luther, his father, was a copper miner. Luther received a sound primary and secondary education at Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisenach. In 1501, at theRead MoreMartin Luther : A Father Of The Protestant Reformation1462 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther: A Father of the Protestant Reformation During the 16th century, many people began to question the doctrine and practices of the Catholic Church. The church was selling indulgences (forgiveness) to release people from their debt of sin. The higher positions held in the church were being sold to those who would pay the most money. The clergy’s greed and thirst after money essentially divided the church between the peasants and clergy. One man disagreed with the actions of the CatholicRead MoreMartin Luther, And His Concept Of Christianity1644 Words   |  7 Pagesessay about Martin Luther, and his concept of Christianity. As a student and a unbiased Christian, I enjoy studying all types of religions, and elements that encompass them. Luther began his religious career as an Augustinian Monk in the Roman Catholic Church. So, Luther was initially loyal to the papacy, and even after many theological conflicts, he attempted to bring about his understanding with the Church. But this was a contradiction not to suffer bec ause in his later years, Luther waged a continualRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther s The Reformer 1761 Words   |  8 PagesAs a young student previous to this year I have not had much experience studying Martin Luther the reformer. However, I found this book to be very helpful to study the history of Luther. The author James M. Kittleson states on page fourteen â€Å"The primary purpose of this book is to tell the story of Martin Luther to readers who are not specialists in the field of Luther studies and who have no desire to become ensnared in the arguments of specialists.† That is exactly what the book does, it felt asRead MoreThe German Reformer Martin Luther930 Words   |  4 Pages The German reformer Martin Luther was the first and greatest figure in the sixteenth-century Reformation. An author of commentaries on Scripture , theology, and priestly abuses, a hymnologist (writer of hymns [sacred songs]), and a preacher, from his own time to the present he has been a symbol of Protestantism (group of Christian faiths that do not believe in the supremacy of the pope, but in the absolute authority of the Bible). Luther had an intriguing childhood with his father, a majorRead MoreThe Life and Work of Martin Luther Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pages Arguably one of the most recognizable names in Church history, Martin Luther rattled the cages of the legalistic, heretical Roman Catholic authorities, and enabled the masses to encounter God in a more direct way from that point on. The New Westminster Dictionary of Spirituality describes him as, â€Å"â€Å"An Augustinian Eremite friar and theology professor at Wittenberg, who emerged as the principal guide and spokesman of the Protestant Reformation, giving his name to the strongest wing of that movement†¦Read MoreMartin Luther and John Calvin as Religious Leaders of the Reformation607 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther and John Calvin as Religious Leaders of the Reformation Martin Luther became an Augustinian Monk in 1505. He spent two years studying Scripture before being ordained as a priest. In 1510, Luther was sent to Rome and was shocked by the spiritual laxity. After finishing his theological doctorate, he became a professor at Wittenberg, in 1515, Luther became the district vicar. Luther began to develop his own theology and in 1516 he felt compelled to protestRead MoreThe Reformation in Germany1299 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe and account for the progress of the Reformation in Germany to c. AD 1535. The Reformation in Germany, which made a major impact on world history, was started by Martin Luther when, on a quest for his own personal salvation, became disillusioned with the Roman Catholic Church and began to speak out about his beliefs. This essay will describe and account for the progress of the Reformation in Germany to c. AD 1535 by outlining Luther’s life to 1517, the conflict that followed his Ninety-Five

Censorship of Media Violence Argumentative Persuas Essay Example For Students

Censorship of Media Violence Argumentative Persuas Essay ive Essays Media Censorship Censorship of the media is a hotly contested topic. The public has declared that there is excessive violence portrayed on television and that this violence ultimately negatively affects viewers, especially children. Censorship is the regulation and control of information and ideas that are circulated among people within a society. It refers to the examination of electronic and print media for the purposes of altering and/or suppressing parts of the media thought to be inappropriate and/or offensive (Microsoft Encarta 97) The implication of censorship is that it is necessary for the protection of the viewing public. The following is a discussion of violence portrayed in the media, its impact on the viewing public, and censorship of the media. This paper also provides a viable solution to the negative impact of the violence in the media. Violence In the Media and Its Impact Its inconceivable not to think that television couldnt influence our attitudes and behaviors. Neil Postman makes this point by outlining Americas movement from a typographic society to telegraphic society. (Postman, 1985) This is not to suggest passivity. Much of what is aired on television is fictional. However, proponents of censorship argue that television creates a false sense of reality and influences not only young children but teenagers as well. In one incident after viewing the movie The Program, a teen-aged boy was killed and two others were injured after lying down along the centerline of a highway. The teenagers were imitating a scene from the movie. Touchstone Pictures removed the scene from the movie as a result of the tragedy with the teenagers. Another incident in Ohio, five-year-old Austin Messner set his parents house a fire killing his sister after viewing the popular MTV cartoon Beavis and Butthead. In response MTV moved the program to a time slot four hours later. However, did not claim responsibility. (Microsoft Internets explorer) The implication is that people are passive beings easily influenced by what they see. Another implication is that all people have shared experiences and will think and react alike. Neil Postman advances the thought that television viewing is our way of knowing ourselves and the world ( Postman, 1985) E.B. White wrote I believe that television is going to be the test of the modern world, and in this new opportunity to see beyond the range of our own vision, we shall discover either a new and unbearable disturbance of the general peace or a saving radiance in the sky. We shall stand or fall by television. (Murray, 1995) White was correct. Television is either beneficial or detrimental to society, perhaps both. Certainly, there exist studies that would equally support both theories. A series of studies conducted by Seymour Feshbach and Robert D. Singer suggests that television violence does not promote violence in children, they explicitly state that the issue arises from a concern over an important contemporary social issue. (Feshbach Singer, 1977) After analyzing several social and experimental psychology studies David Howitt and Guy Cumberbatch arrived at a similar conclusion. They concluded that many studies didnt specify reasons for why correlation was made between television violence and violence in society. (Howitt and Cumberbatch, 1975) Albert Bandura on the other hand set the precedence with his studies correlating the viewing of television violence and promoting violence among viewers. His various studies provided strong evidence of televised violence producing aggressive and/or violent behavior in viewers. (Bandura et al. 1963) The innumerable and varied studies on this subject suggest that there exist no definitive answer. The examples cited suggest the potential and very real impact on the viewing public. .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e , .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .postImageUrl , .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e , .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:hover , .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:visited , .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:active { border:0!important; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:active , .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb9c88a91331cf9e303f6056d19bff0e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Astronomy Essay However, the lack of research suggests this type of extreme behavior is more the exception and not the norm. Speculation of the effects of television violence on the viewing public will continue. Censorship Unfortunate tragedies such as the MTV related incident and the Program related incident draw strong public support for censorship of the media. Should the producers of these programs be held accountable? Yes, producers should be concerned with the content of their programs, however, American society has long since passed that point. Television is a multi billion-dollar industry. The primary concern of the .

The Importance of Accounting free essay sample

Accounting is an important means for an enterprise to implement efficient management, and the main basis to draft policies and plans. With the development of economy and the improvement of modern corporate system, the significance of accounting is becoming more and more obvious. This essay will discuss the main functions of accounting in business contest, thus prove that accounting is really essential and indispensable for an enterprise. Following this, it will explain why it is important for non-accounting professional and non-accounting students to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. The main functions of accounting in business contest There are many functions of accounting. The importance of accounting in business contest can be stated as follows: Firstly, accounting is an essential part of the whole enterprise management. There are many different departments in a company. The efficiency of the company’s management is not depended on the executives only, but the co-effect of all departments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Accounting is extensively, directly and continuously related to all departments and all business affairs in an enterprise. Therefore, accounting department is in the core position of the operation system. Only by making accounting one part of management, shall we improve the economic efficiency and expend our strength. Secondly, the information of accounting is the basis for decision making. The work of accounting is based on all kinds of information, such as National Economy and social development, and the result of their work should reflect the information. Generally speaking, the accuracy of the executives’ decision depends much on the accuracy of accounting information. The decision makers need accurate accounting information and overall analysis to ensure compatibility between production and sale, exploitation of the market, pricing, and investment of fund. Thirdly, accounting forecast is the foundation of business decision. When making business decisions, comprehending and foreseeing the change of the market is significant as well as mastering the present demand. The executives of an enterprise will foresee the potential demand and development of the market by making accounting analysis. On the other hand, they will analyze the past and present production and sale, and calculate the targeting ones of the future. By doing so, the decision made by the enterprise will be reliable and dependable. Fourthly, accounting analysis is an important guarantee for the business decision. Accounting analysis is not only the premise of planning, but also an important means to evaluate whether the plan is implemented appropriately and see some suggestions for improvement. Through the accounting analysis of the operation achievement, we can explore the potential approach of improving economic benefit and discover the weak segment of the management. Last but not least, the results of accounting are criteria to fix the accuracy of the business decision. Accounting results are quantitative display of the business results. They can reflect the state of business operating accurately. The necessity for non-accountings to have basic knowledge of accounting Accounting is closely connected with all business affairs in an enterprise. It is essential and indispensable for the executives to make all kinds of decision. Consequently, it is really very necessary for non-accounting professional especially the executives to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. As the leader of the company, they should realize the important function of accounting, strengthen the position of accounting and support the work of accounting mentally, materially and financially. In addition, basic knowledge and understanding of accounting is also very important for non-accounting students who want to be successful in business field in the future. As some of the experts said, accounting is the basic language of business (Yoshiaki, 1990). Therefore, understanding the basic language is the basic element for success. Conclusion Conclusively, accounting is important in a business context and it is important for non-accounting students and professional to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. The Importance of Accounting free essay sample Accounting is an important means for an enterprise to implement efficient management, and the main basis to draft policies and plans. With the development of economy and the improvement of modern corporate system, the significance of accounting is becoming more and more obvious. This essay will discuss the main functions of accounting in business contest, thus prove that accounting is really essential and indispensable for an enterprise. Following this, it will explain why it is important for non-accounting professional and non-accounting students to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. The main functions of accounting in business contest There are many functions of accounting. The importance of accounting in business contest can be stated as follows: Firstly, accounting is an essential part of the whole enterprise management. There are many different departments in a company. The efficiency of the company’s management is not depended on the executives only, but the co-effect of all departments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Accounting is extensively, directly and continuously related to all departments and all business affairs in an enterprise. Therefore, accounting department is in the core position of the operation system. Only by making accounting one part of management, shall we improve the economic efficiency and expend our strength. Secondly, the information of accounting is the basis for decision making. The work of accounting is based on all kinds of information, such as National Economy and social development, and the result of their work should reflect the information. Generally speaking, the accuracy of the executives’ decision depends much on the accuracy of accounting information. The decision makers need accurate accounting information and overall analysis to ensure compatibility between production and sale, exploitation of the market, pricing, and investment of fund. Thirdly, accounting forecast is the foundation of business decision. When making business decisions, comprehending and foreseeing the change of the market is significant as well as mastering the present demand. The executives of an enterprise will foresee the potential demand and development of the market by making accounting analysis. On the other hand, they will analyze the past and present production and sale, and calculate the targeting ones of the future. By doing so, the decision made by the enterprise will be reliable and dependable. Fourthly, accounting analysis is an important guarantee for the business decision. Accounting analysis is not only the premise of planning, but also an important means to evaluate whether the plan is implemented appropriately and see some suggestions for improvement. Through the accounting analysis of the operation achievement, we can explore the potential approach of improving economic benefit and discover the weak segment of the management. Last but not least, the results of accounting are criteria to fix the accuracy of the business decision. Accounting results are quantitative display of the business results. They can reflect the state of business operating accurately. The necessity for non-accountings to have basic knowledge of accounting Accounting is closely connected with all business affairs in an enterprise. It is essential and indispensable for the executives to make all kinds of decision. Consequently, it is really very necessary for non-accounting professional especially the executives to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting. As the leader of the company, they should realize the important function of accounting, strengthen the position of accounting and support the work of accounting mentally, materially and financially. In addition, basic knowledge and understanding of accounting is also very important for non-accounting students who want to be successful in business field in the future. As some of the experts said, accounting is the basic language of business (Yoshiaki, 1990). Therefore, understanding the basic language is the basic element for success. Conclusion Conclusively, accounting is important in a business context and it is important for non-accounting students and professional to have at least basic knowledge and understanding of accounting.

Enviornmental Logging Problems essays

Enviornmental Logging Problems essays Abolishing Logging Tactics To Save Fish Proves to Be Fatal to Surrounding Economy As most would interpret, densely wooded portions of land and or forests serve not only as a place of feasible ecological balance but also as a realm of majestic tranquility. Other individuals, ones with an opposing viewpoint, view forests as a potential profit baring resource eagerly waiting and standing to be taken. This simple rationale remains just the case some fifty mile outside the city of Seattle Washington on and around the Cedar River Watershed logging site. Recently, acting environmental parties argue that the commercial logging on and around the Cedar River is dramatically impacting the migration and spawning runs of both the Chinook and Coho Salmon populations. Logging industries contest, while obeying the no-cut buffer zone guidelines and following every environmental policy by the book, the economic benefits of continuing operations far outweigh those that call for the region to be transformed into an ecological wilderness preserve. It then becomes a question of access ing what remains more economically and environmentally feasible, both in the present and near future. One of the biggest factors reinforcing the movement to abandon the commercial logging sites around the Cedar River stem from the long-term effects operations have had on the declining Salmon populations. While considering all the cutting and logging restrictions currently enforced, in-stream run-off from commercial harvesting persists to remain the sole proprietor to this ongoing problem. As trees are cut, a small yet suitable amount of natural pollutants are formed. These pollutants, which typically consist of loosened soil and wooded stump particles eventually make their ways through the forests base and into the near by water supply via snow melt and heavy rains. As a result, the water quality and or purity of oxidization is dramatically affect ...

Defining Omitted Variables Bias

Defining Omitted Variables Bias Omitted variables bias (or sometimes omitted variable bias) is a standard expression for the bias that appears in an estimate of a parameter if the regression run does not have the appropriate form and data for other parameters. For example, many regressions that have wage or income as the dependent variable suffer from omitted variables bias because there is often no practical way to add in a workers innate ability or motivation as an explanatory variable. As a result, the estimated coefficients on variables such as education as likely to be biased because of the correlation between educational attainment and unobserved ability. If the correlation between education and unobserved ability is positive, omitted variables bias will occur in an upward direction. Conversely, if the correlation between an explanatory variable and an unobserved relevant variable is negative, omitted variables bias will occur in a downward direction.

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC Assignment

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC - Assignment Example On June 2003 the SEC (2009) a reported that a suit relating to securities fraud was filed against Martha Stewart and her stockbroker Peter Bacanovic by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC alleged that on December 27, 2001, a crime of insider trading was committed when the Stewart sold stock that was held in the company ImClone Systems, Inc (SEC 2009). This decision to sell was based on a tip that she received from Bacanovic who at that time was a broker with Merrill Lynch. ImClone Systems was a biopharmaceutical company which was awaiting a ruling on a cancer treatment drug from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A day before the announcement that the drug was being investigated Stewart sold her shares in the company. This sale was based on the actions that were anticipated from the FDA. Both Stewart and Bacanovic conspired to conceal information from the SEC and were therefore slapped with additional charges for making false statements (SEC 2009). Martha Stewart appeared to have an advantage when she sold her stock a day before the public would have knowledge about the FDA’s investigation. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2003). SEC Charges Martha Stewart, Broker Peter Bacanovic with Illegal Insider Trading. Retrieved from: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2003-69.htm [Accessed 6 Oct

Bubbles on the South Sea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bubbles on the South Sea - Essay Example According to a website "The bubble is usually followed by a sudden drop in prices known as crash". This is a significant drop in the total value of a market, almost undoubtedly to the popping of a bubble, creating a situation wherein the majority of investors are trying to flee the market at the same time and consequently incurring massive losses. And terribly affects everyone. The inevitable crash came and the strain proved to much to many joint stock companies. The immediate cause was the activities of the South Sea Company. It had been formed to engage in trading in the South Seas, but it also has engaged in the funding of the national debt in return for monopolistic privileges. The bad repute of this joint stock companies had led to the passage of the Bubble Act for the regulation of companies in the main attempt to prevent panic. Bubble Act declared that only companies formed by charter or by a private act of parliament were legal. The South Sea Company was reasonably successful. It was chartered by the government for trade in South America and South Sea. The relationship between the government and the company created confidence and high expectations. In the history, they were given the monopoly of trading in the Pacific Ocean and along the coast of South America, made an offer to the government to pay off the whole National Debt and to buy up the irredeemable annuities, according to Melville amounting of "800,000 a year, provided the different public securities were consolidated into one fund in their hands and the government gave the company certain exclusive commercial privileges". In spite of the limited privileges conceded to it in the Asiento by Spain, been highly successful in the slave trade. This means according to (Colliers Encyclopedia) "that they have the right for 30 years to supply Spanish-America colonies with 4,800 slaves annually and to send to Porto Bello and Vera Cruz a trading ship of 500 t ons a year". A negotiation being settled with the South Sea Company. This right was handed over the company which underwrote the English national debt, on a promise of 5% from the government. The most question was whether the fund-holders would convert their stock for shares in the company, for they could not compelled to do so. According to (Caleb W.)" The brilliant prospects held out by the directors of the gold and silver lands awaiting exploitation in South America, crowded into the rush for shares." Its shares immediately rose to 10x their value from 110 rose to 1000, speculation ran wild and all sorts of joint stock companies, fraudulent or merely optimistic were formed. Its price soared within a few weeks, people realized that it was greatly overpriced and prices fell. Thousands were financially ruined. The South Sea Prosecution of some of those concern served to open the eyes of the public to the recklessness of its own scheme, and its shares dropped with the result that few sold out enormous profits, the majority of those who hold on were ruined and result of financial disaster. The Bubble had burst, ruining thousands of families. The disaster happened in South Sea Bubble almost wealthy persons in the kingdom had become members of the government to involved in manipulating of the company. Robert Walpole un his time did much to restore national credit. According to (Caleb, W) " he makes arrangement and assign 9 million which

Jacksons Building Centres Essay Example for Free

Jacksons Building Centres Essay Introduction: A large to medium sized business such as Jacksons need quite a big Human Resources department. They perform a key role in the companys day to day operations. This department cover many areas such as, recruitment and training, organisation at department levels and looking at competition, these are just a few aspects of the department but are all needed so make the business run efficiently. This Human Resource based project I am going to base on Jacksons Building Centres. The main aim of this study is to investigate the five main areas of Human Resources which are: * Human resource planning * Recruitment and selection * Training and development * Performance management * Motivational theory Human resource planning: In an ideal world businesses should plan ahead when it comes to human resources. A well-organized business will have forecasts and projections of its future staffing needs. These will then be matched to forecasts and projections about the local labour market, which means that the business can develop appropriate strategies for the recruitment, training and development of its staff. Projected Levels of Employment in Lincolnshire: Work Force Lincolnshire Total Number in Employment 219,085 % of all working age in employment 75.2 % of Male Full-Time 42.7 % of Female Full-Time 6.6 % of Male Part-Time 23.4 % of Female Part-Time 27.2 The types of jobs that are in decline in Lincolnshire: The two main types of jobs that are in decline in Lincolnshire are: * Farming this is due to more to increased mechanisation so the ratio of work complete by machines to human is decreasing, thus less man power is needed. * Heavy Engineering the majority of heavy engineering companies have left the area only leaving the largest which is Alstom. Due to Jacksons not being involved in these sectors the decline in certain areas of employment does not have an effect on the business. Technological advances, changes in social behavior, demographic shifts and economic conditions are driving fundamental changes in the structure of the labour market and the playing field on which competition is laid for labour. The competitiveness with other employers is affected by general labour market forces. Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment and Selection is a well-worn topic, whish is traded fully in all major texts. There is always a tension between getting the right person for a job and how much resource in terms of time and money is devoted to recruitment. The main ways in which Jacksons recruit is via Job Centres and Local News papers. This encourages people who live in the local area to apply for the job. The Selection Process for the management scheme: Requirements: Between the ages of 18 and 24. 4 GCSEs 2 A Levels Application: * Approximately one hundred people apply for four positional available, * They then look for suitability for the position in Jacksons case Energetic and hard working, * They then select the definite nos: * not complete application forms, * poor handwriting * poor literacy * They then look for the applicants that they like: * Sociability quality * Good Motivational qualities * A Spark! They then invite the selected applicants to an assessment centre where they undergo a series of tasks. They are first split up into groups of around twelve for around half a day where the do exercises based on: Motivation Sociability Team Work During this time they look for the Contribution of the applicant or domineering and no contribution, within this they look for a balance between them. They then have a half an hour paper base study where they have to figure an appropriate solution to a given problem. From the assessment centre they narrow the candidates down to 2 or 3 which will be interviewed. The interview will be based and assessed on: A Balanced approach Halo Effect Avoiding bias Describe personalities Numeracy Questions Case study during interview (customer service problem) Move away from Psychometric tests Looking at objectives An interview report is then compiled. If the applicant is successful then they will be asked back to another interview with Branch managers and other high status employees. They will then offer 4 to 6 placements within a month to 6 weeks. Included in the next few pages are examples of the Application Form and the Employment Interview Report. Training and Development: Jacksons run a management trainee program which has been running for around twenty years. Jacksons say it has been a strong contributory factor in their continued success, providing their branches with a steady stream of capable Merchant Managers. The programme consists of two stages. The first lasts for two years, in which time trainees will gain a valuable insight into the running of a busy Builders Merchant. The programme will be agreed at the beginning of the course and is designed to acquaint the trainee with a merchants environment, as well as learning and developing valuable personal competencies, such as time-management, assertiveness and communication skills. Knowledge will be developed from grass roots level where the trainee will work in a number of departments, building up an understanding of both the products we sell and customers we deal with. Progress is assessed regularly, both verbally and by written appraisal. Upon successful completion of the first phase the trainee will move onto the second stage of the programme, where there will be more specific management development lasting up to one year. Transport/Warehouse Building Materials Plumbing and Heating Sales Plumbing Office Heating Office Ironmongery Bathroom Showroom Kitchen Showroom Jackson Hire Timber one month three months three months two months two months three months three months one month three months three months In addition to the above, you will also spend time in the following areas: a. Accompanying a Company Representative b. Accompanying a Lorry Driver c. A period in the Accounts Office As a trainee manager you will also take part in special projects such as trade shows, corporate promotions and careers conventions. You will also spend time working at one other branch. This gives you the opportunity to work with people from around the group. Motivational Theory: Training in motivation is important in helping learners develop self-regulatory skills to set their own goals and manage their own learning and performance. Evaluating motivational levels in a learning situation also allows the instructor to determine the clarity of their units directions, and measure the effectiveness of varying consequences to either success or failure of individual students (Driscoll, 2000). Keller adds curiosity and its measure and promotion are a key to promoting knowledge seeking behaviour (Keller, 1987). A prevalent model in motivational theory is credited to John M. Keller. The ARCS theory of motivation corresponds to each of the four letters of the acronym (Keller, 1984): A- Attention R- Relevance C- Confidence S- Satisfaction Attention Kellers Attitude of Inquiry (1987) is a phrase used to describe the attention level desired to promote learning. He recommends varying presentation styles in order to maintain student attention (Keller,1983). Driscoll suggests presenting some materials through varying media, alternating lecture with demonstration, small group discussions, or class debates (2000). Relevance Instructors should relate lessons to their learners experiences by providing concrete examples and analogies. The more familiar something is, the more likely a student is to see it as relevant to their learning and use (Driscoll, 2000). Keller states that people enjoy learning more about things they already believe in or are more interested in (1987). Elementary teachers who used all four categories of ARCS found that relevance bore the strongest positive relationship to on-task behavior (Newby, 1991). Confidence Students gain confidence in their own abilities when experiencing success at challenging tasks (Driscoll, 2000). Students can be shown that seemingly unreachable goals can be attained through a series of organized, manageable sub goals and attainable small steps. Even failure can build confidence if the learner attributes failure to the poor use of strategies inherent to learning (Clifford, 1984). Satisfaction Students base satisfaction on the comparison of their achievements on balance with the achievements of those involved with them in the same learning environment (Keller, 1987). Elements increasing satisfaction can be verbal praise, incentives, and awards (Driscoll, 2000). The above four are the main sections that are obtained under the title Motivational Theory. Different Theories: Many theories have been established within the last one hundred years and it is not possible to consider each one of these. What is important in the study of motivation are the key names that have influenced todays approach. Four major theories have remained at the forefront of motivational techniques and each one is linked to a different style of management they are: * Frederick Winslow Taylor * Douglas McGregor * Abraham Maslow * Frederick Herzberg. Performance management Performance Management refers to different strategies designed to get the best of a businesses work force. Different techniques are employed which attempt to relate performance with pay, or promotion or training. Such schemes are not always popular with workers. A method of creating fair individual and team will be used by the Human Resources department and this could be done by the SMART model: Specific use a clear language to describe exactly what is required Measurable identify numerical targets and outputs which can be counted and assessed Agreed agree these with the employee so that they take responsibility for their own output Realistic set targets that are attainable for each individual, according to their skills and competencies Time-related state specific dates when targets must be achieved and will be measured External Labour Market The external Labour market is important to the running of the Human Resources department of Jacksons. To attract people to the company they need to compete with other companies. This means that Jacksons have to be able to offer the best package for them to attract new workforces. One of the main things that Jacksons offer is the Management training course. This is a very sort after employment opportunity due to incorporating management and other valuable skills fitting for later employment opportunities. Another aspect of importance to the external labour market to the Human Resources department is the way jobs and such are advertised. This in many cases is what a potential employee is looking at. So the Human Resources department look at other companies methods and take the good points from them to increase efficiency of attracting potential employees.

fountain head through quotes :: essays research papers

The Meaning of The Fountainhead Through Quotes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature is often a key factor in understanding the meanings of certain philosophies. If philosophy were not explained to great extent in certain works of literature, man would have no means of understanding the crucial, insightful messages behind philosophy. One such philosophy, objectivism, is represented exceptionally in Ayn Rand’s novel, The Fountainhead. The compelling dialogue between the characters of the book allows one to uncover Ayn Rand’s own feelings towards objectivism. The connotations and the implications of several of the quotes within The Fountainhead accurately depict the essence of objectivism, as a way to live one’s life properly. They also encourage the opposition of convention through the telling of events that the novels main character, Howard Roark, goes through.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Howard Roark is a man who blazes his own path and listens only to himself. He feels success comes to those who achieve complete and utter independence from the world’s traditional principles. Howard also cares nothing of other’s opinions of himself. When he is expelled from school, he is not angry or sad; he simply feels he needs to discover a new way to venture into the career of architecture. He does not allow expulsion to ruin his hope of being an architect. Peter Keating, on the other hand, is a man with little independent thought. He was the top student of his class and was recognized by many professors as an outstanding student. However he has serious self esteem issues. In fact, Peter decided to go into architecture not because he has a passion for it but because it would gain him a socially respectable position. Keating believes that only by following set guidelines will he get ahead in life. In one dialogue, between the two characters, Keati ng is asking Roark for advice on what he should do with his life. Keating asks, â€Å"How do you always manage to decide?† Roark answers his colleague with a question of his own. â€Å"How can you let others decide for you?† Keating asks his question because he cannot comprehend how Howard can live his life not caring what others think of it, where as, Roark sees it as inconceivable that Peter could have such little self-assurance when it came to making his own decisions. In this regard, Roark is a better man that Keating. It also shows how Roark displays objectivism. Roark is unwilling to succumb to the norms values of society and he is able to think and reason for himself.

K3 Bahan Kimia

Diss. ETHNo. 17186 Decision-making Framework for Chemical Process Design Including Different Stages of Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Assessment A dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich for the Doctor of Sciences degree (Dr. of ETH sc. Zurich) presented by HlROKAZU SUGIYAMA Master of Engineering, The University of Tokyo born 30. 09. 1978 citizen of Japan accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Konrad Hungerbuhler, examiner Prof. Dr. Masahiko Prof. Dr. Alexander Hirao, co-examiner Wokaun, co-examiner 2007 Acknowledgement This thesis is the result of almost four years of research at the Safety and EnvironmentalTechnology group at ETH Zurich. During this time, many wonderful people provided me with scientific and personal support. appreciation to I would like to express my sincerest Konrad Hungerbuhler for giving me the opportunity to conduct this thesis work at his group. He guided my research with a well- balanced amount of critical and creative, broad and in-depth to commen ts. My deepest gratitude also belongs my work with Ulrich Fischer who was most dedicated in supervising was so precious ideas, great atmosphere enthusiasm and steadfast our leadership, and besides important for the great in process group.My special thanks go to Masahiko Hirao who provided the other essential pillar from Japan I was under the international and multicultural collaboration framework. The opportunity given I am to conduct parts of this project to at his group is very much appreciated. a also particularly grateful as Alexander Wokaun for his kind acceptance to be on second reviewer of the thesis well as creative comments this work. The financial support from Nagai Foundation Tokyo greatly is gratefully acknowledged. this work of CIBA Numerous people from industry contributed to by giving Specialty me insights from industrial practice.I would like to thank Gerhard Giger Chemicals for the Go Inoue big picture of industrial process development, Koichi Nagai, Kunihiko Shigem atsu, and Hisanori Watanabe of Sumitomo Chemicals, Hermann Siegelt and Dirk Sarcinelli of Degussa for specific experiences on MMA production processes, and Karl Straessle of Zurich am Financial Services for know-how of industrial hazard assessment. I Iwao Matsumoto of JEEL for his IDEF also very grateful to expertise, and Yoshio Kumagae of PreFEED for his valuable comments on process design heuristics. My research further profited greatly from Volker Hoffmann at ETH Zurich for any academic researchers. Special thanks go to Tetsuo providing at his economy-oriented perspectives, Institute of Fuchino, Atsushi Aoyama and Yuji Naka Tokyo Technology for encouraging the direction of integrated process design, of and all members of Hirao for Laboratory especially working-time Yasunori Kikuchi at the University Tokyo sharing joyful and creative whenever I returned there. During my work I had a constant support from ETH Chemistry Library I would like to express my to access to various kinds o f literatures, and representatively appreciation Engelbert Zass for his enthusiastic help. workingI I had a most wonderful time in the creative and am hearty atmosphere of the Safety and Environmental Technology Group. most thankful to Elena Antonijuan, Isaac Kweku Adu, Andrea Bumann and Thomas Albrecht for their excellent performance in master theses and/or post-master database projects. My special a thanks go to Shailesh Shah who set up the EHS ready as perfect information-basis of this work. Many thanks I want to give to Ramon, Laurent, Fabio W, Fabio V, Georg, Valerie, Annette, Maximilian and Stefano who made my starting phase at ETH great and easy, and likewise to Matthias, Heike, Judith, David,Harald and Roland who shared the office G136 but also the ups and downs of research with me. I am particularly powerful thankful to Prisca for her IT friendly help in all administrative issues and to Erol for his and troubleshooting. My great appreciation belongs experiences and discussi ons as Andrej M, Levente Andrej S who shared many members of the process group, also to Christian, Martin, Stefanie and Matthew who helped I would like to me through their environmental expertise. and dearly thank all members of our group for all the magnificent days nights including SOLA, bike-tours, ski-weekends, and Toggele. ove, support My deepest appreciation and gratitude is reserved for and their my parents, for all their unwavering faith in me. Zurich, May 2007 Hirokazu Sugiyama Abstract In recent years, chemical a core companies have adopted the concept of sustainable development as business value. The basis of various decision-making in their entire business has been extended to cover aspects, especially non-monetary issues, the in addition to economic performance. sustainability This thesis From the viewpoint of chemical engineering, big challenge is to integrate criteria early a in process design for as design objectives. rocess presents framework of chemical design, whi ch incorporates multi objective consideration economic, and environmental, health and safety (EHS) different aspects in decision-making over design stages. With a focus on the early design according phase, to four stages, Process Chemistry as a I/II and Conceptual Design I/II, modeling are defined the available information basis for process and assessment. For each defined to economy, stage, appropriate modeling methods and evaluation indicators with respect lifethe cycle environmental impacts, EHS hazard and technical aspects are selected. Based at on evaluation esults, multi objective decision-making is performed systematically the each stage. A case study on methyl methacrylate (MMA) production study, which processes is applied throughout routes this thesis. This case uniquely offers 17 potential synthesis and various types of chemicals in the reaction network, is applied for demonstrating the framework. Starting with 17 an possible synthesis routes, optimized inferior routes are eliminated step-by-step and at is the last stage flowsheet of the route with the best multi objective case performance produced. observing Another part of the the evaluation study alidates decisions made within the framework over by profile of six routes when different stages. Most routes are correctly selected at earlier routes. cause design stages are compared are to the detailed assessment results of all six Several factors identified that to available in detail only at later stages, and which significant updates the results. Among these are the magnitude of energy consumption, EHS investment cost, the amount of loss of valuable of materials, and the monetary and a implications newly considered substances. For these parameters there is measures need to have better estimates in the form of proxy lready at earlier stages. Two what-if analyses are presented to examine how the assessment results are change when the different process options or evaluation settings considered. One ana lysis investigates l impact of specifying process options at the detailed conceptual design stage, i. e. the rigorous flowsheeting stage, economy and and the effect of choosing different setups in evaluation for the criteria of The MMA case life-cycle environmental impacts. options study quantitatively reveals that, among different types of process and evaluation settings, specifying alternatives in reaction chemistry, e. . synthesis path, has the most significant impact. This result confirms the importance layouts of reliable proxy indicators for for different forecasting unknown aspects, e. g. detailed process synthesis paths, in early design stages. the As the second part of the assessment what-if analysis, Several and impact of method selection can on the EHS results is presented. simple methods that The be applied in the early phases are compared qualitatively on quantitatively. assessment results change significantly depending The overall the hazard evaluation method in the ap plied in each of the EHS aspects. scope, iscrepancy mathematical result stems from the differences in the manner considered mass parameters, formulation, and especially own that process no information is treated. However, each method has its merit of one background and there is unique or method a over the other in any of the EHS aspects. The appropriate simplicity can degree only of detail of method considering early design phases where it be applied is the characteristic that separates the methods. Finally, the developed framework is serves as represented by using a a standardized activity modeling use technique, IDEFO, enables the which of blueprint f the business model. The same of IDEFO The description complex activities in detail and at the time transparently. activity model is defined for the four I to design stages as of the framework, i. e. from Process Chemistry Conceptual Design II, the activities to which appropriate case instructions and are resources are provided by as a project manager. Findings in the from the studies included in this activity model, know-how to be exploited design. traditional economic criteria with In summary, this dissertation demonstrates how to integrate non-conventional environment, health and safety criteria in ecision-making over different the stages of process design. This systematization will support chemical industry to undergo paradigm shift towards sustainability in developing processes. 11 Zusammenfassung Wahrend der letzten als Jahre hat die chemische Die Industrie Basis fur das die Konzept der nachhaltigen Entwicklung Kerngeschaft eingefuhrt. um Entscheidungsfindung besonders im gesamten Geschaftsbetrieb wurde finanzielle verschiedene zu Aspekte erweitert, nicht ¬ Gesichtspunkte des wurden zusatzlich den okonomischen Kriterien erfasst. Aus der die grosse von Perspektive Chemieingenieurwesens liegt in Herausforderung ahrend in der die Prozessenticklung Entwicklungsziele. Diese Dissertation welches die der fruhen Integration Nachhaltigkeitskriterien prasentiert ein Rahmenkonzept Zielgrossen fur die aus Entwicklung chemische Prozesse, aus Berucksichtigung mehrere Wirtschaft, sowie den Bereichen Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit (UGS) wahrend verschiedener Entwicklungsstufen fur eine Entscheidungsfindung beinhaltet. Mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der fruhen I/II Planungsphase den werden die vier Stufen Process Chemistry eine Stufe I/II und Conceptual Design entsprechend und verfugbaren definiert. Informationen als Basis fur dieProzessmodellierung Bewertung und UGS Fur jede definierte werden entsprechende Modellierungsmethoden okologischen Auf der Bewertungsindikatoren Gefahren und bezuglich Wirtschaftlichkeit, Belastungen, Grundlage in technischen wird Aspekten die ausgewahlt. dieser Stufe Abschatzungsergebnisse multi-kriterielle Entscheidungsfindung jeder systematisch durchgefuhrt. Die Produktion Dissertation von Methylmethacrylat (MMA) Diese wird als Fallstudie wahrend der ganzen 17 verwendet. F allstudie, welche um potentielle Synthesewege zu und verschiedene Chemikalien aufweist, wird benutzt, werden das Rahmenkonzept demonstrieren. o Ausgehend von 17 Synthesewegen minderwertige Wege systematisch eliminiert, fur den dass in der letzten Stufe ein multi-kriteriellen optimiertes Flussdiagramm Syntheseweg mit der besten Leistung erhalten wird. Ein anderer Teil der Fallstudie validiert wahrend des Entwicklungswerdeganges Evaluationsprofile Synthesewege detaillierten Detail nur von gemachte Entscheidungen durch Beobachtung der sechs Synthesewegen uber verschiedene Stufen. Die meisten der 6 wurden in fruheren Stufen korrekt ausgewahlt, wie der Vergleich mit den im Abschatzungsergebnissen zeigt. verfugbar Mehrere Faktoren wurden identifiziert, die er in spateren Stufen sind und die grosse Veranderungen Ergebnisse verursachen. Solche Faktoren sind das Ausmass des Energieverbrauchs, Investitionskosten, in der Verlust von Wertstoffen, sowie finanzielle Auswirkungen und UGS-Einfluss von neu berucksichtigen eine bessere Substanzen. Diese Parameter sollten deshalb schon in fruheren Stufen fur als Einschatzung Proxyindikatoren verfugbar prasentiert um sein. Zwei wenn what-if Analysen unterschiedliche werden abzuschatzen wie sich die Ergebnisse andern Prozessoptionen oder Bewertungskriterien berucksichtigt werden. Eine d. h. in sowie der beiden der die Analysen rforscht in der detaillierten die konzeptionellen Entwicklungsstufe, von rigorosen Flowsheeting Stufe, Folgen der Wahl von Auswirkungen bestimmten Prozessoptionen verschiedenen Bewertungskriterien bezuglich quantitativ Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltbelastung. Typen von Die MMA Fallstudie lasst und den erkennen dass unter verschiedenen Prozessoptionen Synthesechemie fur verlassliche Bewertungskriterien grossen Einfluss in die Spezifizierung Dieses der Alternativen bestarkt die bezuglich Wichtigkeit Aspekte hat. Ergebniss um Indikatoren z. B. fruhen Entwicklungsstufen unbekannte verschiedene abzuschatzen, wie e taillierte Prozess-Auslegung fur Synthesewege. Als zweiter Teil der what-if Analyse prasentiert. wird die Einwirkung einfache der Methoden-Wahl auf die UGS Abschatzungsergebnisse Planungsphase Mehrere Methoden, die in der fruhen benutzt werden andern konnen, werden qualitativ und quantitativ verglichen. Die sich bedeutsam Abschatzungsergebnisse abhangig Die von der verwendeten UGS Bewertungs-Methode bezuglich stammt von aller UGS Aspekte. allgemeine Abweichung von im Resultat Unterschieden des und besonders berucksichtigten Bereiches, von Parametern, mathematischen Formulierungen der Art, wie Informationen ezuglich es Masse behandelt werden. Jede Methode hat Vorteil einer Methode an jedoch ihren eigenen Hintergund und gibt keinen eindeutigen gegenuber den anderen. Die entsprechende Einfachheit oder der Grad Genauigkeit einer Methode in Bezug auf die fruhe „Planungsphase†, ist die einzige charakteristische Grosse mit welcher die Methoden unterschieden werden konnen. Zum S chluss wird das entwickelte Rahmenkonzept mittels einer standartisierten Aktivitats Modellierungs Technik, IDEFO, prasentiert, Die die als ein Entwurf des Busienss Modells dient. die detaillierte Das Nutzung von IDEFO ermoglicht und

Cats are not good pets

Who would ever in their right mind want a cat as a pet? Cats are the most conniving animals alive and no one should even think to keep them as a pet. There are some people who have a large number of cats in their house at one time and continue adding to the number and that is Just ridiculous. Cats can carry around a foul smell or odor and shed their hair which gets everywhere it should not be. There is also a lot of money that can be involved with investing in supplies, health and food or a cat.If anyone has a cat for a pet they should be ready to take full responsibility of the cat and all of the downfalls that come with it. If anyone owns a cat in their house then they should really consider neutering the rambunctious mammal because there is an overpopulation of cats in America. There should be a limit of how many cats a person can have in their home. â€Å"It is impossible to determine how many stray dogs and cats live in the United States; estimates for cats alone range up to 70 million† (ASPIC, 2012).If anyone owns a cat then it should be mandatory that the cat should be spayed and neutered with random inspections. Pets can be very expensive and America is currently in a recession for the people who are unaware. â€Å"The average cost of basic food, supplies, medical care and training for a dog or cat is $600 to $900 annually† (CAPS, 2012). If people do not have enough money to eat a decent meal and have ten cats at home then it is simple math. Get rid of the cat! Although some may see cats as cute and cuddly Just remember that they are very neck animals and cannot be trusted.Burning a hole into your pocket for an animal that cannot be trusted is a complete waste of money and resources. â€Å"About 78. 2 million dogs and about 86. 4 million cats are owned in the United States† (CAPS, 2012). This means that there are some animals that do not need to be around. There are too many animals that are living on the streets and taking up space . Many Americans are living on the streets and unable to find food, clothes to wear or shelter and we are worried about cats.

World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay Example

World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay Example World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Back in the World Stories The whole American home front changed during World War II. More and more women started to work in factories like never before. They became more independent and stopped relying on their husbands to provide the income for their family. World War 2 revolutionized the work industry for women. Before the war, mostly men worked in factories, but after they left for war, women took their spots. Even after they returned, women were not willing to go back, and still have not turned back.World War II also affected life in Japan. A very big spark to the start of World War II was the attack on Pearl Harbor. America then decided to attack Japan, leading to the second world war. The war went from 1941 to 1945, and soon enough, we got tired of the war and all of the deaths and casualties, so we decided to bomb Hiroshima and then Nagasaki. As a result, the war ended, but a new phase sprung up in those two places. Many people were killed and injured severely. They lost everything they had from person al belongings to loved ones. It was hard for people at that time to recover from such a dramatic event. Some had no place to go because their homes were gone, and so were the people they once knew. It was a new life for everyone who survived. Everything would be different and nothing like the times they were used to.Not only was life different for people back on the home front and in Japan, but things in Europe were upside down as well. All the Jewish families in Europe were faced with the holocaust. They got sent off to concentration camps, ghetto camps, or just suffered from hiding from the Nazis. Life in the camps for them was worse than dying. The Jewish families got separated from each other, and many never saw their loved ones again. They died mainly from malnutrition and the Nazis killing them. It was so bad that people even committed suicide.Lastly, the war had a huge impact on the soldiers that were a part of it. If they were drafted, they were forced to go off to war, the beginning of a new life. They left their friends and families, knowing they might not see them again, to represent our country. However, many of them were not able to survive and died. Soldiers suffered from many diseases, and spent months and years in the cold fighting. They mightve made friends at war, but it was hard when one of them got shot or died. We know of all these stories about war life and how they fought, but in order to get the real feel for how it really was, someone would have to experience it first. The experience the soldiers had when they were fighting was not the best thing that couldve happened to them.As you can see, World War II had a big impact all around the world. Many people in different countries faced challenges that they would have to eventually overcome. Most of the challenges that came across were life changing. Some died, and the rest had to start up a totally new life, something that none of us would be willing to do.

The Botany of the Tobacco Plant

The Botany of the Tobacco Plant There are few activities more controversial than smoking tobacco. Smoking is clearly detrimental to human health, but there is little doubt that tobacco is a highly profitable plant species. Lets learn more about the plant itself, including its history, anatomy and physiology, growth habit plant types, and other potential uses. History and Background of Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum is the Latin name for tobacco. It belongs to the plant family Solanaceae, so, perhaps surprisingly, tobacco is botanically related to potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplant! Tobacco is native to the Americas, and cultivation was thought to have begun as early as 6000 BCE. It is believed that leaf blades were wilted, dried, and rolled to make primitive cigars. Columbus noted Cuban natives smoking cigars when he discovered America, and in 1560, Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, brought tobacco to England and France. Nicot made a fortune selling the plant to Europeans. Nicot also reportedly gifted tobacco to the queen of France to cure her headaches. (Did you notice that the Latin genus name for tobacco, Nicotiana, was named after Jean Nicot?) Anatomy and Physiology The cultivated tobacco plant normally grows to one or two feet high. The five flower petals are contained within a Corolla and can be colored white, yellow, pink, or red. The tobacco fruit (yes, tobacco bears fruit!) measures at 1.5 - 2 mm, and consists of a capsule containing two seeds. With the tobacco plant, however, it is the leaves that are the most economically important. The leaf blades are enormous, often growing to 20 inches long and 10 inches wide. The leaf shape can be ovate (egg-shaped), obcordate (heart-shaped) or elliptic (oval, but with a small point at one end). The leaves grow toward the base of the plant, and can be lobed or unlobed but are not separated into leaflets. On the stem, the leaves appear alternately, with one leaf per node along the stem. The leaves possess a distinct petiole. The underside of the leaf is fuzzy or hairy. Why are the tobacco leaves important? The leaves are the plant part containing the nicotine. However, the nicotine is manufactured in the plant roots, not the leaves! The nicotine is transported to the leaves via the xylem. Some species of Nicotiana are very high in nicotine content; Nicotiana rustica leaves, for example, can contain up to 18% nicotine. Growing Tobacco Plants Tobacco, a plant that is cultivated as an annual but is actually a perennial, is propagated by seed. The seeds are sown in beds; one ounce of seed in 100 square yards of soil can produce up to four acres of flue-cured tobacco, or up to three acres of burley tobacco. The plants grow for between six and ten weeks before the seedlings are transplanted into the fields. The plants are topped (their heads are cut off!) before the seed head develops, except for those plants that are used to produce next years seed. The reason the plant tops are removed when flowering begins is so all the plants energy goes to increase the size and the thickness of the leaves. The tobacco suckers (the flowering stalks and branches, which appear in response to the plant being topped) are removed so that only the large leaves are produced on the main stem. Because growers want the leaves to be large and lush, the tobacco plants are fertilized very heavily with nitrogen fertilizer. Cigar-wrapper tobacco, a staple of Connecticut agriculture, is produced under partial shade- resulting in thinner and less damaged leaves. Plants grow in the field for three to five months until harvest. The leaves are removed and purposely wilted in drying barns, and fermentation takes place during curing. Tobacco Types Several types of tobacco are grown, depending on their use: Fire-cured, used for snuff and chewing tobacco.Dark air-cured, used for chewing tobacco.Air-cured (Maryland) tobacco, used for cigarettes.Air-cured cigar tobaccos, used for cigar wrappers and fillers.Flue-cured, used for cigarette, pipe, and chewing tobacco.Burley (air-cured), used for cigarette, pipe, and chewing tobacco. Fire curing is basically what the name suggests; open fires are used so that the smoke can reach the leaves. The smoke makes the leaves darker colored and more distinctly flavored. No heat is used in air curing except to prevent mold. In flue curing, heat is applied in such a way that no smoke reaches the leaves hung in racks. Other Potential Uses What other possibilities are there for tobacco, as smoking rates have been vastly reduced over the last 20 years? Believe it or not, there is a possibility that tobacco oils can be used in biofuels. Also, researchers in India have patented an extract from tobacco called solansole, for use in several drug types.

Summarized article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summarized - Article Example These events are mentioned by the author as an anecdotal introduction to understanding the potential changes in international finance in the near future. This paper will offer a summary of the article highlighting the main ideas presented by the author (Forsyth). The author of this article describes how quantitative bond easing is likely to affect the interest rates in different regions. The author mentions the outstanding roles of the federal reserves in creating a balance of situations and eliminating concerns on the fear gauge. China, for example, has declared a lowered bank reserve requirement while the bank of England will follow suit soon. This will happen after America announces its trimming of monthly purchases of bonds. The author places emphasis on the critical role held by the US in the global financial scene. This is specifically because of the dollar, which has been used as a reserve for global currencies since the 1920s. In the past, there has been evidence that the US makes use of its â€Å"exorbitant† privileges and eventually exploits other nations. This is because the dollar still remains the center of global currency. It is both a reserve in store houses that serve other central banks and the primary currency used i n finance and trade internationally (Forsyth). The globe also relies on the dollar as the effective media when indulging I transactions and investments. The dollar has also been described as having made America’s banking and financial system very liquid and deep. Therefore, since only the US can produce the much needed dollars that control the global finances, it enjoys an exorbitant privilege. As the author outlines, there are the implications of such a privilege. An evident one is the fact that, the US can print dollars and use such in exchange for goods produced in other regions. The US can also indulge in cheap borrowing because borrowing is done in the currency it produces. Other

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Corporate strategy - Essay Example In its early days Nucor corp. served as a manufacturer for Oldsmobile (GE motor). The company has come a long way since its inception in 1964. It has gone through major structural changes, acquired new operations and even closed or disposed some operations. Over 41 years Nucor grew from a small steel company at the edge of bankruptcy, to be the 7th biggest steel maker in the United States a few years back. It is presently the 2nd largest steel maker in the US. Profitability analysis shows that there’s been improvement over the years; especially a better performance than previous year 2003. Nucor is one of the most profitable companies in the US domestic market. Its budget expectation has proved accurate for the year 2004. Gross profit margin and net profit margin were both strong, which tells that the company is strong in areas of manufacturing as well as management / sales. Within the steel industry Nucor has displayed prudence in its finances as suggested by a business comparison with Arcelor Mittal which is a bigger organization but yet the former had managed to keep a surplus in all four profitability areas. Average liquidity ratio recorded at 1.49 is a good determining factor of the financial viability of Nucor business, which is well-funded than its other two rivals. Current ratio gives an indication of the ability of Nucor business to pay its bills. The ratio of 2.69 in year 2004 shows that it has a better ability to meet ongoing and unexpected expenses. Nucor’s financial performances have been quite successful so far, in terms of its steady growth rate as well as its equity value. In order for the company to sustain and maximize this pattern of growth in the coming years, a deployment of strategic analytical tools such as PESTEL will be highly relevant. Domestic market is still in a state of regression among upwards of Kuznets infrastructure investment cycle1. Countries with better economic conditions have more

Female Discrimination in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Female Discrimination in the Workplace - Essay Example It is certainly unethical to discriminate workers based on their gender. These include holding back promotions, giving them a different job title and preventing them from taking part in other work opportunities (Finn n.d.). Keeping the female worker in the team would result in better outcomes for the client as she is better suited to deal with the client’s assignment. Since the consulting firm KPMG itself discourages gender discrimination, this would allow talented individuals to come forward rather than inexperienced and incompetent individuals. By discouraging gender discrimination, there will be equal opportunities for both male and female workers based on their expertise resulting in enhancement of the company’s image. Legally as well, a woman possesses the right to complain to the Human Resource department of the firm regarding the discrimination. If the claim is found to be true then legal actions are taken against the offenders and this might lead to defamation o f the firm ruining its image in the business world. Removing the female worker from consideration might lead to demotivation of the worker. This might also result in low morale, low productivity and can also negatively impact the firm’s revenues. I will keep a watch or a countdown timer that would calculate the amount of time spent playing games or studying. Also, I will keep an Objectives Chart on which I will record the chapters I have completed successfully. I will write down whatever goals I have achieved regarding the topic or subject. Every time I will spend the designated amount of time playing games, which is one hour, I will reward myself by adding $3 to the reward fund that is to be spent at the end of each week. If I spend lesser time than one hour, I will add an additional $1 to the $3.

Community education and use in University

Community education and use in University This essay discusses key approaches to learning which have importance for community education and tries to identify how one could develop the use of these during the time at university. Following wide research in academic literature a clear concept should emerge. It has two main parts; the first one, after a brief definition of learning, focuses on key approaches to learning, their strengths and weaknesses, and their importance for community education as a higher education program as well as profession. The second, more reflective part, will look at how these could be developed during my university studies. Each part is broken down into smaller units which will touch on the phenomenon of Learning, Approaches to Learning, Community Education and the Development of Approaches in Higher Education. It will look at how those are related and what is their significance for community education. As there is extensive amount of literature available on each one of these subjects this essay an introduction to these rather than than an exhaustive account. However as a result of this work a clear understanding of the position of approaches to learning within community education and the ways of their utilisation and development should emerge. Learning Even though there is lots of material available on subject of learning, it seems that this term is largely misunderstood, often used instead of the word teaching or in the narrow sense of formal education as the process through which learners acquire new knowledge and skills. There is another factor which complicates defining learning; Moon (2006) states in A handbook of reflective and experiential learning: Theory and practice that it is a lack of vocabulary that complicates this issue; some languages do not distinguish between teaching and learning, having the same word for both (e.g. Russian). (Moon, 2006, p.12) It is almost impossible to define learning without using the word itself or words like learner. However in terms of community education learning can be defined as a constant, social, interactive and constructionist process'(Burns and Sinfield, 2008, p.50) which takes place regardless of the presence of educator, it is a process in which one is gathering new ideas and information, recording them, organising them, making sense of them, remembering them, using them (Devine 1987 as cited in Burns and Sinfield, 2008, p.50) as well as deepening understanding of prior knowledge which will consequently bring a change. Therefore we should no longer assiduously acquire knowledge once and for all, but learn how to build up a continually evolving body of knowledge all through life- learn to be. (Faure et. al., 1972:vi). (Tett, 2010, p.34). Approaches to learning Biggs (1987, 1989) proposes that students seek congruence between their learning motives and strategies in a particular context. Thus an approach to learning can be understood as a process of students devising learning strategies to solve the challenges their motives have defined for them. (Wilson and Fowler, 2005, p.88) As quote suggests approaches to learning are a combination of motives for learning and strategies or methods used in the learning process. There were several studies focused on the phenomenon of students approaches to learning. The original research was carried out by Marton and Saljo in Sweden in the early 1970s, but in addition to this there were almost parallel studies by John Biggs in Australia, Entwistle in England and others around the world. As a result of these findings three approaches have been identified. These are surface approach, deep approach and achieving/ strategic approach to learning which are recognised independently by numerous researchers, although the terminology originated with Marton and Saljo (Beckwith, 1991). Students adapting the surface approach were described as ones who tend to concentrate on absorbing as much information as necessary, memorising material and not reflecting on it and see learning as something that happens to them. Biggs (1987, 1990) suggested that motivation of these students is extrinsic e.g. external conditions and pressure; where the student tries to meet given requirements and balance between working too hard and failing. This presents itself in the lack of a critical view of material, where content of learning has not been questioned and there are no connections made between learnt material and previous learning or knowledge, its purposes and structure. The student looks to simply reproduce material as evidence of learning; focusing on what appears to be the most important topic or element and does not see interconnections between these (Biggs, 1991). A consequence of this approach may be superficial learning, where the learner might have difficulty to apply what he or she learnt in different conditions or structures. This type of learning is possibly a result of low interest in the material, or perhaps because learners believe that this is the proper way of learning. It may also be the result of a state of anxiety or pressure, for example in learning for assessment situation as suggested by Moon (2004). Students who develop the deep approach to their learning are likely to be interested in the topic or material they are learning and see themselves as an active part of learning process. The motive behind their learning is to actualize interest and to gain an understanding of a particular subject; their motivation is intrinsic coming from inside (Biggs, 1990, 1991). These students relate learnt content to previous knowledge; adapt a critical view of material and question its logic and argument (Moon, 2004). They also draw connections to their own experiences, looking for practical examples as well as applications in the real world. While theorising about a subject, generalising it and drawing out hypothesis, searching for meaning and conclusions they tend to put new knowledge or deeper understanding of previous learning into the bigger picture. Their study behaviour is usually marked by wide reading, reflecting on what one reads and hears; engaging in discussion with teachers and othe r students, and the like (Biggs, 1991). Students adapting the surface approach are more able to demonstrate their understanding and creative in problem solving. In his article Learning Approach and Outcome: Some Empirical Observations, Saljo (1991) states findings of his research on approaches to learning. His experimental session started with interviews, in which participants were to describe how they experience their own learning. The point he makes is that the subjects themselves introduced this (surface and deep) kind of distinction in the interview (Saljo, 1981, p.53). The subjects whose outcome was the deep approach made it clear in all cases that in their view there were significant differences between learning as an active process and memorizing. In their view, trying to understand, comprehend, grasp the meaning and on the whole to think and reflect actively on what they hear and read was a necessary part and the true purpose to learning. They did not understand learning as mere reproduction of learnt material but as a process in which they try to relate what they read, hear or see with what they previously know and then inject meaning into what they are learning. Moon (2004, p.60) states that in the later work by Biggs in Australia and at Lancaster University another approach to learning was identified labelled the achieving approach or strategic approach. The difference between the two aforementioned approaches and the achieving approach is that the surface as well as the deep approach are more closely linked with quality of learning whereas the achieving approach focuses more on how to undertake the task with the aim of succeeding especially in an assessment situation (Biggs, 1991) and (Moon 2004). Students using the achieving approach are highly competitive, motivated by performing well and obtaining the highest grades regardless of whether or not they are interested in the learnt material. They are referred to by Biggs (1985) as model students as they are highly organised and self- disciplined, keeping clear notes, following up all suggested readings, allowing appropriate time to the task given, using time management and schedule planning skills in their learning linked to their perception of importance of the studied material. They are also likely to use one or both of the aforementioned approaches in their learning strategy, creating surface- achieving or deep- achieving approach. There seems to be plenty of evidence, says Moon (2004), that modern learners in higher education need to be strategic especially in modules where they are faced with frequent assessments. Strong lines are drawn here between surface and deep approaches to illustrate clear differences between them. However this distinction is stereotypical and therefore there are cases in which it does not demonstrate itself in practice. Memorising itself, as some studies suggest, does not mean that student has a surface approach to learning. It is often viewed as such in western culture but in Asian students it is more a question of gaining the understanding building up stage by stage Marton and Booth (as cited in Moon, 2004, p.61). Another example could be actors learning their lines and later interpreting them in the character they are playing, or students memorising new vocabulary in order to better understand foreign language. Also one student does not adopt one approach constantly. We could say that every student has his or her preferred approach but in some cases approaches students use in practice are influenced by personal and situational factors Wilson and Fowler (2010, p.88). Students might see the deep approach to learning as desirable but may be unable to use it and could slip into the surface approach if pressed by time, work load or if the environment he or she works in is too noisy for instance. The same is the case for students using predominantly the surface approach to learning, who might adapt the deep approach if the task demands it, e.g. surface approach will not be sufficient in writing reflective essays. It would therefore appear that there are many influencing factors on which approach to learning students use. As suggested earlier, learners usually use more than one approach to learning throughout their lives. However findings of the studies (try to back up with actual studies and dates) on this matter are showing evidence in favour of deep approach. Results of researches linked low performance scores to students who used the surface approach where the scores of those using the deep and achieving approaches were significantly higher. Kember and Gow (date) see encouraging students to adapt the deeper approach as the key task for higher education. (as cited in Wilson and Fowler, date.) Community Education What significance do approaches to learning have for community education? Looking at community education as a higher education course in general it is obvious that the approach to learning adopted by students will influence the study experience and its results. Therefore the chosen approach could affect individuals views on community education and its practice. Selecting the learning approach with the best results would certainly help students succeed in their chosen course and prepare for future employment. Community educations primary purpose is education within and for communities encouraging and engaging people throughout life into learning that is based on what they are interested in. (Tett, 2010, p.1). However providing services and meeting the needs merely on a surface level would not be effective. Keeping issues of individuals and communities isolated, engaging them in leisure, learning and action opportunities without considering their personal, social, economic and political needs (CeVe 1990:2 as cited by Smith) would be only a partial and temporary solution. Within this field there is a great demand for critical and reflective practice, making links between learning, development, socio-cultural, economical and political issues and thus sustaining the deep approach not only to learning but to practice as well. The work of community educators, whether their focus is on young people, adults or community capacity building will always concentrate on purposeful learning and education in communities designed to bring about change.'(Tett, 2010,p.106). And through this practice to provide the learning which will contribute to a more robust and active citizenry through enabling people to review more critically and creatively the values and workings of society and developing tolerance of diversity and difference (Tett, 2010, p.51). Practitioners whose preferred approach to learning is the deep approach have a potential to motivate individuals and communities to reflective and critical thinking about whatever situation they are in, equipping them with needed strategies to address those issues, which will help them to be more independent and active participants in society. Development of Approaches to Learning Wilson and Fowler (2005) Conclusion

Humang Genome Project :: Science Genetics Technology Papers

Humang Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an internationally collaborative venture to identify and mark all the locations of every gene of the human species. The HGP in the United States was started in 1990 and was expected to be a fifteen year effort to map the human genome. There have been a number of technological advances since 1990 that have accelerated the progress of the project to a completion date sometime during the year 2003. The U.S. HGP is composed of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) which hopes to discover 50,000 to 100,000 human genes and make them available for further biological study (1). There are a number of other countries that are involved in the project, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom (1). Besides numerous countries involved in the project there is also a number of commercial companies that are involved in sequencing (6). The collaborative 3 billion dollar price tag will be us ed to sequence the possible 3 billion DNA base pairs of human DNA. The possibilities from the information that will be obtained from the project are virtually endless. It will most likely change many biological and medical research techniques and many of the practices used by our medical professionals today. The knowledge that will be obtained will help lead to new ways of diagnosing, treating, and possibly preventing diseases. Through the discovery of the human genome, the possibilities are endless for agriculture, health services, and new energy sources also. The end result of the HGP will be information about the structure, function and organization of DNA, as we know it today. Technical Aspects of HGP There are a number of goals that have been set forth by the HGP that they hope to have finished by their completion date in 2003. One of the first goals of the project is to identify the 50,000 to 100,000 genes that are found in DNA (2,3,4). The second goal of the HGP is to sequence the 3 billion chemical bases that make up human DNA. DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of the chemical building blocks "bases" that make up the DNA of the human chromosome. This information will then be stored into a large database so that information can be used by other individuals'. The HGP hopes to then be able to develop tools for the analysis of this data.

Ethnographic Research Paper: Latino-American Immigration Experience Essay

The immigration experience as a Latino-American is as diverse as the manifold cultures that the pan-ethnic identity, Latino, aims to subsume. With regards to the immigration experience, Zavella (1991) lays an emphasis on the notion of social location. The difference among Latinos in American society is embedded in their â€Å"social location within the social structure†, in which identity, or one’s sense of self, is emergent from the intersected social spaces formed by class, race/ethnicity, gender, and culture. In order to gain a sufficient understanding of the identity of the Latino-American immigrant, it is necessary to consider the subjective conditions under which individual experiences have shaped behaviors and attitudes. Through examining social location, this essay aims to reveal the significance that an individual immigration experience has had in shaping a sense of self in relation to American culture. In this essay, I discuss his immigration process in light of themes such as Latino identity, assimilation, legal status, immigrant social network in reception context, and family obligations to demonstrate how Mr.  Raya’s personal experiences have constructed his identity as a proud American. In particular, I will consider how these themes contribute to his relation to the Latino community, how an active effort to learn English and familiarize with legal boundaries constituted a sense of belonging, perspective roles in U. S. society, and the influence of family values on his behavior. Latino Identity Suarez-Orozco, Marcelo and Paez (2002) explain how the Spanish language acts as the unifying agent across Latinos in American society. The Latino population is made up of those whom originate, or are descendants from, a vast array of Latin-American countries that ranges from Mexico, reaches oversea to the Caribbean Islands, and down through Central to South America. The cultural difference among immigrants and the way in which American society receives them contributes to their social location and differs greatly between individuals of the Latino community. The ethnic category of Latino is one in which the United States has adopted in an attempt to racially define a particular sect of society. The Latino identity has been crafted by the U. S. overnment and gains its meaning solely in relation to the experience in U. S. society. Although Latinos are often misrepresented by their pan-ethnic title, â€Å"the Spanish language generates a powerful gravitational field bringing them together. † The assimilation experience as a Latino immigrant may be divided largely by structural forces associated with cultural origins, however, the Latino identity stands united under the Spanish language. Originally from South America, Mr. Raya is a proud Peruvian who associates himself with others from Latin American backgrounds due to their common cultural use of the Spanish language. Mr. Raya elucidates, â€Å"I want to begin by clarifying what the term Latinos means. So Spanish comes from Latin†¦so our roots are from Latin. That’s why our language is latino. The language. Not our race. Because I’m from South America, Rigo for instance is from Mexico, but if you see us together then you can call us Latinos. Because it is the general idea. † (p. 1, l. 1-4). Mr. Raya clearly states that his connection to other Latinos, such as his co-worker Rigo, is solely due to their use of the Latin-base language, Spanish. Similar to the experience expressed in the literature, Mr. Raya’s identity as a Latino is only in relation to his association with other Latinos living in America. Assimilation Chavez (2008) demonstrates how the assimilation process of Latinos migrating to the U. S. has been compromised and restricted due to the â€Å"Latino Threat Narrative†. He argues that the popularly held idea that the Latino presence in the U. S. challenges American ideals and society on the whole accounts for the stunted rates of assimilation among Latinos in America. Latinos are viewed as a threat because of a perceived â€Å"refusal† to assimilate into the larger society due to the desire to preserve their own culture. One way in which Latino immigrants are considered as resistant to American society is by their use of the Spanish language rather than what is preferred by the U. S. majority, English (Cornelius, 2002). American disapproval of Latino immigration has been expressed through the implementation of immigration laws, followed with a negative representation of Latino immigration in the mass media. America’s defensive attitude toward Latinos have stigmatized them with being â€Å"illegal†, which in turn, alienates Latino immigrants due to racialization effects from unwelcoming attitudes held by the larger society Gomez, 2007; Martinez, 1998). When first moving to America, Mr. Raya hardly knew a word in English. His initial struggle to incorporate into the U. S. social order was on account his lack knowledge of the English language. His capacity for effective communication was bound to the confines of the Spanish language. He shares his experience, â€Å"I felt alone. I couldn’t, well I say: Good Morning, How are you; that was it you know. Even if somebody talked to me you know I was like a clam you know. I couldn’t, I didn’t, I didn’t want it, those things you know†(p. 1, l. 3-25). Mr. Raya’s experience stresses the separation from the American community felt by the Latino immigrants described in the Chavez study. He explains how a deficit of the English language contributed to a feeling of loneliness. In contrast to the literature however, rather than pushing him farther away from his assimilation goal, Mr. Raya became attracted to learning English. He explains, â€Å"So that’s why I went to school. I started studying English, and then I felt, I got Americanized immediately. † (p. 1, l. 29-30). Discontent with his isolated state, Mr.  Raya recognized the importance of speaking English. He credits learning English for his ability to assimilate and how it lead to a gained sense of belonging as an American. Legal Status Abrego (2011) calls attention to the role that an immigrants’ legal consciousness plays in the incorporation process. Research suggests that adult immigrants with an undocumented legal status often live in a constant state of fear due to threat of deportation. The internalization of the â€Å"illegal† stigma criminalizes undocumented immigrants and legitimizes the exploitation of migrant workers (Menjivar and Abrego, 2012). Their submissive attitude and passive lifestyle under oppression is reinforced through the U. S. structure and ultimately prevents their achievement of assimilation. On the other hand, those considered as being â€Å"with the law†, that is, those with a strong legal consciousness, â€Å"are aware of their rights and are likely to make claims for redress or inclusion†. Immigrants aware of their legal rights under American legislation are shown to have more successful rates of incorporation. Mr. Raya’s experience with applying for U. S. itizenship portrays him as having a strong legal consciousness. Although he is not an American citizen on paper, his awareness of his contractual agreement made with the United States government provides him with the information to back up his confidence that secures his sense of belonging. Mr. Raya recalls his experience, â€Å" When I went to apply, when I went to apply here, they told me, ‘you just sign a paper, saying tha t you’re going back there. ’ After 2 to 3 years, I had to go back there. But my social security, I have a driver’s license; I’m legal here. But if I go out, I can’t come back in 10 years. That’s one of the reasons why I never went out, I never went back there, back to Peru. † (p. 3, l. 1-5 ). In line with the argument provided by Abrego (2011), Mr. Raya’s legal consciousness of what he can or cannot do under administrative decree, constitutes his sense of belongingness in American society. Mr. Raya further explains, â€Å"I really feel like America is my country. I miss Peru of course, but I’m okay. I’m just like an American right now. So I play the rules and everything† (p. 2, 1. 16-18). He asserts his entitled right to live in America, and affirms his entitlement through proper forms of identification. Because he is aware of his legal standing, he cautions himself of the repercussive consequences of leaving the country. He makes conscious decisions based of the knowledge that if he were to return to Peru, he would not be permitted back into the U. S. immediately. Knowing what is and isn’t available to him under the U. S. legal system has given Mr. Raya his confidence due to the autonomy and control he has over his fate. Social Networks  Menjivar (2000) argues against the â€Å"overly romanticized notions of immigrant unity† that surround the image of Latino immigrant social networks. Research examining Salvadorian immigrant social networks provides evidence that refutes the stereotypical assumption that latino family members already living in the U. S. to offer unconditional financial, emotional and material support for their migrating relatives. The presence of existing social networks with individuals living in the U. S. serves for an incentive and resource aid for migration. However, the way in which social ties receive friends and family upon transition is affected by context. In American society, perceptions held among immigration social networks have shown to reflect U. S. structural features such as the labor market rather than the cultural norms of the social culture of national origin. In many cases, social ties were shown to weaken because of a low capacity for reciprocity. The inability to reciprocate aid from reception was especially evident when the participants in exchange had very limited access to resources. Social class insertion, brought by immigrants and potential opportunities, demonstrated a significant relation to an immigrant’s access to resources and ability to assist those within social networks. Male immigrants tended to have stronger and larger social networks than females and the wisdom of immigrants from older generations offered more successful information that had been acquired with age. The immigrant social network experience of Mr. Raya was shaped by social class insertion and reflects of the social context under which he was received. Now 63, Mr.  Raya migrated at the mature age of 31 with a clear objective in mind: to make money. Mr. Raya stresses the economic aspect and demand for labor market participation in American society, â€Å"everyone wants to come over here, because the general idea is like, you come here, and the dollars are on the street, they’re in the tree; you know, its easier to make dollars. Its not easy the way the way we work here†(p. 1, 1. 14-16). Mr. Raya’s perception of America prior to immigration embodies the same spirit of the American Ideal and depicts the notion of social mobility as being tangible by means of hard work. When first migrating to the United States, Mr. Raya was welcome by a friend who had agreed to help him get settled, however was expected to work and provide for himself. Mr. Raya explains, â€Å"when we come over here we become Americans in an economic way. † He further explains, â€Å" Let’s say you want to bring your sister or your brother; you bring them over, and as an American, okay, you help them for 2, 3 months, you tell’em you gotta pay rent, you gotta pay your food. But up there no. You can stay at your parents house forever† (p. 2, l. 28-30). In line with the literature, Mr.  Raya highlights the shift of expectations for social networks as one makes the transition from Latin-American to American context. Mr. Raya’s experience has shaped his perception of the way in which friends and relatives looking to migrate should be received into American society. Family Obligation Abrego (2009) examines the ways in which migrant parents’ gender affects the transnational families’ economic welfare. The term transnational is used to describe families where â€Å"members of the nuclear unit (mother, father, and children) live in two different countries†. Common among migrant parents of transitional families was their practice of sending of remittances. Abrego argues that families with transitional mothers are more likely to experience economic prosperity compared to transitional father-away, families in which families with transitional fathers often received limited or no remittances. Gendered parental obligations imply that men prioritize themselves or new relationships establish in the United States over their family back home, while attributing a strong regard for family values with mothers of transitional families. Mr. Raya’s adolescent years spent in Peru were marked by extreme poverty and its unfortunate contingencies. Poverty-stricken conditions foreshadowed a life in Peru that was static and void of hope. In an attempt to invert his impoverished fate for his family, Mr. Raya’s decision to leave Peru was persuaded by the economic opportunities that America had to offer. Although his family was out of sight, they were never out of mind when it came to his financial gain while living in America. In contrast with the literature illustrating the male, father figure as being self -interested and self- serving, Mr. Raya expresses his obligation to support his family. I was planning to go to college but I couldn’t because I had to send money to my kids, and my kids were in Peru† (p. 2, 1. 3-4). Unlike the experiences described by Abrego, Mr. Raya holds a high regard for family values that transcends material goods, â€Å"we were poor. We didn’t have a car, we didn’t have a house, But the main thing for me is that we had a family†¦ that was the basic; loving your family first†(p. , l. 7-11). Family values defined his goal to provide financial support for his entire family was his main incentive for immigration. Mr. Raya describes his objective, â€Å" That was my main goal: help my people. Send money to them; to my kids, to my parents. And that, that part made me feel good. Even though I mean my kids they were not with me but, they, my kids they had a good education† (p. 2, 1. 10-13 ). Although the separation from his children is hard for him, knowing that they receive a good education assures Mr.  Raya that he has served his duty to his family. Conclusion In the final analysis, Mr. Raya’s immigration experience demonstrates how the positions he occupies within the U. S. social structure has influenced his ultimate sense of an American identity. His personal experience in America as a Latino immigrant reveals his particular social location in which his Latino-identity, motivation for migrations, desire to assimilate, legal consciousness and expectations for reception all contributed significantly to his behavior and perceptions. When examining his experience in light of research, Mr. Raya’s successful incorporation mirrors many theories held regarding Latino assimilation into American society. Mr. Raya recognizes that his Latino profile is one in which language is indicative of his relation to the Latino-American population, and that learning English is imperative to his assimilation process. An active engagement with the U. S. egal system while determining his migrant status has allowed for a positive assertion of legality and provides Mr. Raya with a confident sense of belonging. Moreover, the key feature of Mr. Raya’ experience is his strong will to assimilate. Dissimilar with conclusions of related research, obligation to fulfill his role as a father and support his family was the driving motive behind his successful incorporation. On the whole, his social location has shaped his attitudes and opinions toward Latino-immigration in general. He stresses the importance one’s capacity for adjustment to the American structural context in order to achieve assimilation, and therefore reach economic, social and political success. Through an analysis of the Latino-American experience of David Raya, this essay demonstrates the significant impact social location has had on the formation of Mr. Raya’s American identity as a Latino immigrant.