Enviornmental Logging Problems essays

Enviornmental Logging Problems essays Abolishing Logging Tactics To Save Fish Proves to Be Fatal to Surrounding Economy As most would interpret, densely wooded portions of land and or forests serve not only as a place of feasible ecological balance but also as a realm of majestic tranquility. Other individuals, ones with an opposing viewpoint, view forests as a potential profit baring resource eagerly waiting and standing to be taken. This simple rationale remains just the case some fifty mile outside the city of Seattle Washington on and around the Cedar River Watershed logging site. Recently, acting environmental parties argue that the commercial logging on and around the Cedar River is dramatically impacting the migration and spawning runs of both the Chinook and Coho Salmon populations. Logging industries contest, while obeying the no-cut buffer zone guidelines and following every environmental policy by the book, the economic benefits of continuing operations far outweigh those that call for the region to be transformed into an ecological wilderness preserve. It then becomes a question of access ing what remains more economically and environmentally feasible, both in the present and near future. One of the biggest factors reinforcing the movement to abandon the commercial logging sites around the Cedar River stem from the long-term effects operations have had on the declining Salmon populations. While considering all the cutting and logging restrictions currently enforced, in-stream run-off from commercial harvesting persists to remain the sole proprietor to this ongoing problem. As trees are cut, a small yet suitable amount of natural pollutants are formed. These pollutants, which typically consist of loosened soil and wooded stump particles eventually make their ways through the forests base and into the near by water supply via snow melt and heavy rains. As a result, the water quality and or purity of oxidization is dramatically affect ...

Defining Omitted Variables Bias

Defining Omitted Variables Bias Omitted variables bias (or sometimes omitted variable bias) is a standard expression for the bias that appears in an estimate of a parameter if the regression run does not have the appropriate form and data for other parameters. For example, many regressions that have wage or income as the dependent variable suffer from omitted variables bias because there is often no practical way to add in a workers innate ability or motivation as an explanatory variable. As a result, the estimated coefficients on variables such as education as likely to be biased because of the correlation between educational attainment and unobserved ability. If the correlation between education and unobserved ability is positive, omitted variables bias will occur in an upward direction. Conversely, if the correlation between an explanatory variable and an unobserved relevant variable is negative, omitted variables bias will occur in a downward direction.

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC Assignment

Report of Firm Investigated by the SEC - Assignment Example On June 2003 the SEC (2009) a reported that a suit relating to securities fraud was filed against Martha Stewart and her stockbroker Peter Bacanovic by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC alleged that on December 27, 2001, a crime of insider trading was committed when the Stewart sold stock that was held in the company ImClone Systems, Inc (SEC 2009). This decision to sell was based on a tip that she received from Bacanovic who at that time was a broker with Merrill Lynch. ImClone Systems was a biopharmaceutical company which was awaiting a ruling on a cancer treatment drug from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A day before the announcement that the drug was being investigated Stewart sold her shares in the company. This sale was based on the actions that were anticipated from the FDA. Both Stewart and Bacanovic conspired to conceal information from the SEC and were therefore slapped with additional charges for making false statements (SEC 2009). Martha Stewart appeared to have an advantage when she sold her stock a day before the public would have knowledge about the FDA’s investigation. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2003). SEC Charges Martha Stewart, Broker Peter Bacanovic with Illegal Insider Trading. Retrieved from: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2003-69.htm [Accessed 6 Oct

Bubbles on the South Sea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bubbles on the South Sea - Essay Example According to a website "The bubble is usually followed by a sudden drop in prices known as crash". This is a significant drop in the total value of a market, almost undoubtedly to the popping of a bubble, creating a situation wherein the majority of investors are trying to flee the market at the same time and consequently incurring massive losses. And terribly affects everyone. The inevitable crash came and the strain proved to much to many joint stock companies. The immediate cause was the activities of the South Sea Company. It had been formed to engage in trading in the South Seas, but it also has engaged in the funding of the national debt in return for monopolistic privileges. The bad repute of this joint stock companies had led to the passage of the Bubble Act for the regulation of companies in the main attempt to prevent panic. Bubble Act declared that only companies formed by charter or by a private act of parliament were legal. The South Sea Company was reasonably successful. It was chartered by the government for trade in South America and South Sea. The relationship between the government and the company created confidence and high expectations. In the history, they were given the monopoly of trading in the Pacific Ocean and along the coast of South America, made an offer to the government to pay off the whole National Debt and to buy up the irredeemable annuities, according to Melville amounting of "800,000 a year, provided the different public securities were consolidated into one fund in their hands and the government gave the company certain exclusive commercial privileges". In spite of the limited privileges conceded to it in the Asiento by Spain, been highly successful in the slave trade. This means according to (Colliers Encyclopedia) "that they have the right for 30 years to supply Spanish-America colonies with 4,800 slaves annually and to send to Porto Bello and Vera Cruz a trading ship of 500 t ons a year". A negotiation being settled with the South Sea Company. This right was handed over the company which underwrote the English national debt, on a promise of 5% from the government. The most question was whether the fund-holders would convert their stock for shares in the company, for they could not compelled to do so. According to (Caleb W.)" The brilliant prospects held out by the directors of the gold and silver lands awaiting exploitation in South America, crowded into the rush for shares." Its shares immediately rose to 10x their value from 110 rose to 1000, speculation ran wild and all sorts of joint stock companies, fraudulent or merely optimistic were formed. Its price soared within a few weeks, people realized that it was greatly overpriced and prices fell. Thousands were financially ruined. The South Sea Prosecution of some of those concern served to open the eyes of the public to the recklessness of its own scheme, and its shares dropped with the result that few sold out enormous profits, the majority of those who hold on were ruined and result of financial disaster. The Bubble had burst, ruining thousands of families. The disaster happened in South Sea Bubble almost wealthy persons in the kingdom had become members of the government to involved in manipulating of the company. Robert Walpole un his time did much to restore national credit. According to (Caleb, W) " he makes arrangement and assign 9 million which

Jacksons Building Centres Essay Example for Free

Jacksons Building Centres Essay Introduction: A large to medium sized business such as Jacksons need quite a big Human Resources department. They perform a key role in the companys day to day operations. This department cover many areas such as, recruitment and training, organisation at department levels and looking at competition, these are just a few aspects of the department but are all needed so make the business run efficiently. This Human Resource based project I am going to base on Jacksons Building Centres. The main aim of this study is to investigate the five main areas of Human Resources which are: * Human resource planning * Recruitment and selection * Training and development * Performance management * Motivational theory Human resource planning: In an ideal world businesses should plan ahead when it comes to human resources. A well-organized business will have forecasts and projections of its future staffing needs. These will then be matched to forecasts and projections about the local labour market, which means that the business can develop appropriate strategies for the recruitment, training and development of its staff. Projected Levels of Employment in Lincolnshire: Work Force Lincolnshire Total Number in Employment 219,085 % of all working age in employment 75.2 % of Male Full-Time 42.7 % of Female Full-Time 6.6 % of Male Part-Time 23.4 % of Female Part-Time 27.2 The types of jobs that are in decline in Lincolnshire: The two main types of jobs that are in decline in Lincolnshire are: * Farming this is due to more to increased mechanisation so the ratio of work complete by machines to human is decreasing, thus less man power is needed. * Heavy Engineering the majority of heavy engineering companies have left the area only leaving the largest which is Alstom. Due to Jacksons not being involved in these sectors the decline in certain areas of employment does not have an effect on the business. Technological advances, changes in social behavior, demographic shifts and economic conditions are driving fundamental changes in the structure of the labour market and the playing field on which competition is laid for labour. The competitiveness with other employers is affected by general labour market forces. Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment and Selection is a well-worn topic, whish is traded fully in all major texts. There is always a tension between getting the right person for a job and how much resource in terms of time and money is devoted to recruitment. The main ways in which Jacksons recruit is via Job Centres and Local News papers. This encourages people who live in the local area to apply for the job. The Selection Process for the management scheme: Requirements: Between the ages of 18 and 24. 4 GCSEs 2 A Levels Application: * Approximately one hundred people apply for four positional available, * They then look for suitability for the position in Jacksons case Energetic and hard working, * They then select the definite nos: * not complete application forms, * poor handwriting * poor literacy * They then look for the applicants that they like: * Sociability quality * Good Motivational qualities * A Spark! They then invite the selected applicants to an assessment centre where they undergo a series of tasks. They are first split up into groups of around twelve for around half a day where the do exercises based on: Motivation Sociability Team Work During this time they look for the Contribution of the applicant or domineering and no contribution, within this they look for a balance between them. They then have a half an hour paper base study where they have to figure an appropriate solution to a given problem. From the assessment centre they narrow the candidates down to 2 or 3 which will be interviewed. The interview will be based and assessed on: A Balanced approach Halo Effect Avoiding bias Describe personalities Numeracy Questions Case study during interview (customer service problem) Move away from Psychometric tests Looking at objectives An interview report is then compiled. If the applicant is successful then they will be asked back to another interview with Branch managers and other high status employees. They will then offer 4 to 6 placements within a month to 6 weeks. Included in the next few pages are examples of the Application Form and the Employment Interview Report. Training and Development: Jacksons run a management trainee program which has been running for around twenty years. Jacksons say it has been a strong contributory factor in their continued success, providing their branches with a steady stream of capable Merchant Managers. The programme consists of two stages. The first lasts for two years, in which time trainees will gain a valuable insight into the running of a busy Builders Merchant. The programme will be agreed at the beginning of the course and is designed to acquaint the trainee with a merchants environment, as well as learning and developing valuable personal competencies, such as time-management, assertiveness and communication skills. Knowledge will be developed from grass roots level where the trainee will work in a number of departments, building up an understanding of both the products we sell and customers we deal with. Progress is assessed regularly, both verbally and by written appraisal. Upon successful completion of the first phase the trainee will move onto the second stage of the programme, where there will be more specific management development lasting up to one year. Transport/Warehouse Building Materials Plumbing and Heating Sales Plumbing Office Heating Office Ironmongery Bathroom Showroom Kitchen Showroom Jackson Hire Timber one month three months three months two months two months three months three months one month three months three months In addition to the above, you will also spend time in the following areas: a. Accompanying a Company Representative b. Accompanying a Lorry Driver c. A period in the Accounts Office As a trainee manager you will also take part in special projects such as trade shows, corporate promotions and careers conventions. You will also spend time working at one other branch. This gives you the opportunity to work with people from around the group. Motivational Theory: Training in motivation is important in helping learners develop self-regulatory skills to set their own goals and manage their own learning and performance. Evaluating motivational levels in a learning situation also allows the instructor to determine the clarity of their units directions, and measure the effectiveness of varying consequences to either success or failure of individual students (Driscoll, 2000). Keller adds curiosity and its measure and promotion are a key to promoting knowledge seeking behaviour (Keller, 1987). A prevalent model in motivational theory is credited to John M. Keller. The ARCS theory of motivation corresponds to each of the four letters of the acronym (Keller, 1984): A- Attention R- Relevance C- Confidence S- Satisfaction Attention Kellers Attitude of Inquiry (1987) is a phrase used to describe the attention level desired to promote learning. He recommends varying presentation styles in order to maintain student attention (Keller,1983). Driscoll suggests presenting some materials through varying media, alternating lecture with demonstration, small group discussions, or class debates (2000). Relevance Instructors should relate lessons to their learners experiences by providing concrete examples and analogies. The more familiar something is, the more likely a student is to see it as relevant to their learning and use (Driscoll, 2000). Keller states that people enjoy learning more about things they already believe in or are more interested in (1987). Elementary teachers who used all four categories of ARCS found that relevance bore the strongest positive relationship to on-task behavior (Newby, 1991). Confidence Students gain confidence in their own abilities when experiencing success at challenging tasks (Driscoll, 2000). Students can be shown that seemingly unreachable goals can be attained through a series of organized, manageable sub goals and attainable small steps. Even failure can build confidence if the learner attributes failure to the poor use of strategies inherent to learning (Clifford, 1984). Satisfaction Students base satisfaction on the comparison of their achievements on balance with the achievements of those involved with them in the same learning environment (Keller, 1987). Elements increasing satisfaction can be verbal praise, incentives, and awards (Driscoll, 2000). The above four are the main sections that are obtained under the title Motivational Theory. Different Theories: Many theories have been established within the last one hundred years and it is not possible to consider each one of these. What is important in the study of motivation are the key names that have influenced todays approach. Four major theories have remained at the forefront of motivational techniques and each one is linked to a different style of management they are: * Frederick Winslow Taylor * Douglas McGregor * Abraham Maslow * Frederick Herzberg. Performance management Performance Management refers to different strategies designed to get the best of a businesses work force. Different techniques are employed which attempt to relate performance with pay, or promotion or training. Such schemes are not always popular with workers. A method of creating fair individual and team will be used by the Human Resources department and this could be done by the SMART model: Specific use a clear language to describe exactly what is required Measurable identify numerical targets and outputs which can be counted and assessed Agreed agree these with the employee so that they take responsibility for their own output Realistic set targets that are attainable for each individual, according to their skills and competencies Time-related state specific dates when targets must be achieved and will be measured External Labour Market The external Labour market is important to the running of the Human Resources department of Jacksons. To attract people to the company they need to compete with other companies. This means that Jacksons have to be able to offer the best package for them to attract new workforces. One of the main things that Jacksons offer is the Management training course. This is a very sort after employment opportunity due to incorporating management and other valuable skills fitting for later employment opportunities. Another aspect of importance to the external labour market to the Human Resources department is the way jobs and such are advertised. This in many cases is what a potential employee is looking at. So the Human Resources department look at other companies methods and take the good points from them to increase efficiency of attracting potential employees.

fountain head through quotes :: essays research papers

The Meaning of The Fountainhead Through Quotes   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Literature is often a key factor in understanding the meanings of certain philosophies. If philosophy were not explained to great extent in certain works of literature, man would have no means of understanding the crucial, insightful messages behind philosophy. One such philosophy, objectivism, is represented exceptionally in Ayn Rand’s novel, The Fountainhead. The compelling dialogue between the characters of the book allows one to uncover Ayn Rand’s own feelings towards objectivism. The connotations and the implications of several of the quotes within The Fountainhead accurately depict the essence of objectivism, as a way to live one’s life properly. They also encourage the opposition of convention through the telling of events that the novels main character, Howard Roark, goes through.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Howard Roark is a man who blazes his own path and listens only to himself. He feels success comes to those who achieve complete and utter independence from the world’s traditional principles. Howard also cares nothing of other’s opinions of himself. When he is expelled from school, he is not angry or sad; he simply feels he needs to discover a new way to venture into the career of architecture. He does not allow expulsion to ruin his hope of being an architect. Peter Keating, on the other hand, is a man with little independent thought. He was the top student of his class and was recognized by many professors as an outstanding student. However he has serious self esteem issues. In fact, Peter decided to go into architecture not because he has a passion for it but because it would gain him a socially respectable position. Keating believes that only by following set guidelines will he get ahead in life. In one dialogue, between the two characters, Keati ng is asking Roark for advice on what he should do with his life. Keating asks, â€Å"How do you always manage to decide?† Roark answers his colleague with a question of his own. â€Å"How can you let others decide for you?† Keating asks his question because he cannot comprehend how Howard can live his life not caring what others think of it, where as, Roark sees it as inconceivable that Peter could have such little self-assurance when it came to making his own decisions. In this regard, Roark is a better man that Keating. It also shows how Roark displays objectivism. Roark is unwilling to succumb to the norms values of society and he is able to think and reason for himself.

K3 Bahan Kimia

Diss. ETHNo. 17186 Decision-making Framework for Chemical Process Design Including Different Stages of Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Assessment A dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich for the Doctor of Sciences degree (Dr. of ETH sc. Zurich) presented by HlROKAZU SUGIYAMA Master of Engineering, The University of Tokyo born 30. 09. 1978 citizen of Japan accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Konrad Hungerbuhler, examiner Prof. Dr. Masahiko Prof. Dr. Alexander Hirao, co-examiner Wokaun, co-examiner 2007 Acknowledgement This thesis is the result of almost four years of research at the Safety and EnvironmentalTechnology group at ETH Zurich. During this time, many wonderful people provided me with scientific and personal support. appreciation to I would like to express my sincerest Konrad Hungerbuhler for giving me the opportunity to conduct this thesis work at his group. He guided my research with a well- balanced amount of critical and creative, broad and in-depth to commen ts. My deepest gratitude also belongs my work with Ulrich Fischer who was most dedicated in supervising was so precious ideas, great atmosphere enthusiasm and steadfast our leadership, and besides important for the great in process group.My special thanks go to Masahiko Hirao who provided the other essential pillar from Japan I was under the international and multicultural collaboration framework. The opportunity given I am to conduct parts of this project to at his group is very much appreciated. a also particularly grateful as Alexander Wokaun for his kind acceptance to be on second reviewer of the thesis well as creative comments this work. The financial support from Nagai Foundation Tokyo greatly is gratefully acknowledged. this work of CIBA Numerous people from industry contributed to by giving Specialty me insights from industrial practice.I would like to thank Gerhard Giger Chemicals for the Go Inoue big picture of industrial process development, Koichi Nagai, Kunihiko Shigem atsu, and Hisanori Watanabe of Sumitomo Chemicals, Hermann Siegelt and Dirk Sarcinelli of Degussa for specific experiences on MMA production processes, and Karl Straessle of Zurich am Financial Services for know-how of industrial hazard assessment. I Iwao Matsumoto of JEEL for his IDEF also very grateful to expertise, and Yoshio Kumagae of PreFEED for his valuable comments on process design heuristics. My research further profited greatly from Volker Hoffmann at ETH Zurich for any academic researchers. Special thanks go to Tetsuo providing at his economy-oriented perspectives, Institute of Fuchino, Atsushi Aoyama and Yuji Naka Tokyo Technology for encouraging the direction of integrated process design, of and all members of Hirao for Laboratory especially working-time Yasunori Kikuchi at the University Tokyo sharing joyful and creative whenever I returned there. During my work I had a constant support from ETH Chemistry Library I would like to express my to access to various kinds o f literatures, and representatively appreciation Engelbert Zass for his enthusiastic help. workingI I had a most wonderful time in the creative and am hearty atmosphere of the Safety and Environmental Technology Group. most thankful to Elena Antonijuan, Isaac Kweku Adu, Andrea Bumann and Thomas Albrecht for their excellent performance in master theses and/or post-master database projects. My special a thanks go to Shailesh Shah who set up the EHS ready as perfect information-basis of this work. Many thanks I want to give to Ramon, Laurent, Fabio W, Fabio V, Georg, Valerie, Annette, Maximilian and Stefano who made my starting phase at ETH great and easy, and likewise to Matthias, Heike, Judith, David,Harald and Roland who shared the office G136 but also the ups and downs of research with me. I am particularly powerful thankful to Prisca for her IT friendly help in all administrative issues and to Erol for his and troubleshooting. My great appreciation belongs experiences and discussi ons as Andrej M, Levente Andrej S who shared many members of the process group, also to Christian, Martin, Stefanie and Matthew who helped I would like to me through their environmental expertise. and dearly thank all members of our group for all the magnificent days nights including SOLA, bike-tours, ski-weekends, and Toggele. ove, support My deepest appreciation and gratitude is reserved for and their my parents, for all their unwavering faith in me. Zurich, May 2007 Hirokazu Sugiyama Abstract In recent years, chemical a core companies have adopted the concept of sustainable development as business value. The basis of various decision-making in their entire business has been extended to cover aspects, especially non-monetary issues, the in addition to economic performance. sustainability This thesis From the viewpoint of chemical engineering, big challenge is to integrate criteria early a in process design for as design objectives. rocess presents framework of chemical design, whi ch incorporates multi objective consideration economic, and environmental, health and safety (EHS) different aspects in decision-making over design stages. With a focus on the early design according phase, to four stages, Process Chemistry as a I/II and Conceptual Design I/II, modeling are defined the available information basis for process and assessment. For each defined to economy, stage, appropriate modeling methods and evaluation indicators with respect lifethe cycle environmental impacts, EHS hazard and technical aspects are selected. Based at on evaluation esults, multi objective decision-making is performed systematically the each stage. A case study on methyl methacrylate (MMA) production study, which processes is applied throughout routes this thesis. This case uniquely offers 17 potential synthesis and various types of chemicals in the reaction network, is applied for demonstrating the framework. Starting with 17 an possible synthesis routes, optimized inferior routes are eliminated step-by-step and at is the last stage flowsheet of the route with the best multi objective case performance produced. observing Another part of the the evaluation study alidates decisions made within the framework over by profile of six routes when different stages. Most routes are correctly selected at earlier routes. cause design stages are compared are to the detailed assessment results of all six Several factors identified that to available in detail only at later stages, and which significant updates the results. Among these are the magnitude of energy consumption, EHS investment cost, the amount of loss of valuable of materials, and the monetary and a implications newly considered substances. For these parameters there is measures need to have better estimates in the form of proxy lready at earlier stages. Two what-if analyses are presented to examine how the assessment results are change when the different process options or evaluation settings considered. One ana lysis investigates l impact of specifying process options at the detailed conceptual design stage, i. e. the rigorous flowsheeting stage, economy and and the effect of choosing different setups in evaluation for the criteria of The MMA case life-cycle environmental impacts. options study quantitatively reveals that, among different types of process and evaluation settings, specifying alternatives in reaction chemistry, e. . synthesis path, has the most significant impact. This result confirms the importance layouts of reliable proxy indicators for for different forecasting unknown aspects, e. g. detailed process synthesis paths, in early design stages. the As the second part of the assessment what-if analysis, Several and impact of method selection can on the EHS results is presented. simple methods that The be applied in the early phases are compared qualitatively on quantitatively. assessment results change significantly depending The overall the hazard evaluation method in the ap plied in each of the EHS aspects. scope, iscrepancy mathematical result stems from the differences in the manner considered mass parameters, formulation, and especially own that process no information is treated. However, each method has its merit of one background and there is unique or method a over the other in any of the EHS aspects. The appropriate simplicity can degree only of detail of method considering early design phases where it be applied is the characteristic that separates the methods. Finally, the developed framework is serves as represented by using a a standardized activity modeling use technique, IDEFO, enables the which of blueprint f the business model. The same of IDEFO The description complex activities in detail and at the time transparently. activity model is defined for the four I to design stages as of the framework, i. e. from Process Chemistry Conceptual Design II, the activities to which appropriate case instructions and are resources are provided by as a project manager. Findings in the from the studies included in this activity model, know-how to be exploited design. traditional economic criteria with In summary, this dissertation demonstrates how to integrate non-conventional environment, health and safety criteria in ecision-making over different the stages of process design. This systematization will support chemical industry to undergo paradigm shift towards sustainability in developing processes. 11 Zusammenfassung Wahrend der letzten als Jahre hat die chemische Die Industrie Basis fur das die Konzept der nachhaltigen Entwicklung Kerngeschaft eingefuhrt. um Entscheidungsfindung besonders im gesamten Geschaftsbetrieb wurde finanzielle verschiedene zu Aspekte erweitert, nicht ¬ Gesichtspunkte des wurden zusatzlich den okonomischen Kriterien erfasst. Aus der die grosse von Perspektive Chemieingenieurwesens liegt in Herausforderung ahrend in der die Prozessenticklung Entwicklungsziele. Diese Dissertation welches die der fruhen Integration Nachhaltigkeitskriterien prasentiert ein Rahmenkonzept Zielgrossen fur die aus Entwicklung chemische Prozesse, aus Berucksichtigung mehrere Wirtschaft, sowie den Bereichen Umwelt, Gesundheit und Sicherheit (UGS) wahrend verschiedener Entwicklungsstufen fur eine Entscheidungsfindung beinhaltet. Mit einem Schwerpunkt auf der fruhen I/II Planungsphase den werden die vier Stufen Process Chemistry eine Stufe I/II und Conceptual Design entsprechend und verfugbaren definiert. Informationen als Basis fur dieProzessmodellierung Bewertung und UGS Fur jede definierte werden entsprechende Modellierungsmethoden okologischen Auf der Bewertungsindikatoren Gefahren und bezuglich Wirtschaftlichkeit, Belastungen, Grundlage in technischen wird Aspekten die ausgewahlt. dieser Stufe Abschatzungsergebnisse multi-kriterielle Entscheidungsfindung jeder systematisch durchgefuhrt. Die Produktion Dissertation von Methylmethacrylat (MMA) Diese wird als Fallstudie wahrend der ganzen 17 verwendet. F allstudie, welche um potentielle Synthesewege zu und verschiedene Chemikalien aufweist, wird benutzt, werden das Rahmenkonzept demonstrieren. o Ausgehend von 17 Synthesewegen minderwertige Wege systematisch eliminiert, fur den dass in der letzten Stufe ein multi-kriteriellen optimiertes Flussdiagramm Syntheseweg mit der besten Leistung erhalten wird. Ein anderer Teil der Fallstudie validiert wahrend des Entwicklungswerdeganges Evaluationsprofile Synthesewege detaillierten Detail nur von gemachte Entscheidungen durch Beobachtung der sechs Synthesewegen uber verschiedene Stufen. Die meisten der 6 wurden in fruheren Stufen korrekt ausgewahlt, wie der Vergleich mit den im Abschatzungsergebnissen zeigt. verfugbar Mehrere Faktoren wurden identifiziert, die er in spateren Stufen sind und die grosse Veranderungen Ergebnisse verursachen. Solche Faktoren sind das Ausmass des Energieverbrauchs, Investitionskosten, in der Verlust von Wertstoffen, sowie finanzielle Auswirkungen und UGS-Einfluss von neu berucksichtigen eine bessere Substanzen. Diese Parameter sollten deshalb schon in fruheren Stufen fur als Einschatzung Proxyindikatoren verfugbar prasentiert um sein. Zwei wenn what-if Analysen unterschiedliche werden abzuschatzen wie sich die Ergebnisse andern Prozessoptionen oder Bewertungskriterien berucksichtigt werden. Eine d. h. in sowie der beiden der die Analysen rforscht in der detaillierten die konzeptionellen Entwicklungsstufe, von rigorosen Flowsheeting Stufe, Folgen der Wahl von Auswirkungen bestimmten Prozessoptionen verschiedenen Bewertungskriterien bezuglich quantitativ Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltbelastung. Typen von Die MMA Fallstudie lasst und den erkennen dass unter verschiedenen Prozessoptionen Synthesechemie fur verlassliche Bewertungskriterien grossen Einfluss in die Spezifizierung Dieses der Alternativen bestarkt die bezuglich Wichtigkeit Aspekte hat. Ergebniss um Indikatoren z. B. fruhen Entwicklungsstufen unbekannte verschiedene abzuschatzen, wie e taillierte Prozess-Auslegung fur Synthesewege. Als zweiter Teil der what-if Analyse prasentiert. wird die Einwirkung einfache der Methoden-Wahl auf die UGS Abschatzungsergebnisse Planungsphase Mehrere Methoden, die in der fruhen benutzt werden andern konnen, werden qualitativ und quantitativ verglichen. Die sich bedeutsam Abschatzungsergebnisse abhangig Die von der verwendeten UGS Bewertungs-Methode bezuglich stammt von aller UGS Aspekte. allgemeine Abweichung von im Resultat Unterschieden des und besonders berucksichtigten Bereiches, von Parametern, mathematischen Formulierungen der Art, wie Informationen ezuglich es Masse behandelt werden. Jede Methode hat Vorteil einer Methode an jedoch ihren eigenen Hintergund und gibt keinen eindeutigen gegenuber den anderen. Die entsprechende Einfachheit oder der Grad Genauigkeit einer Methode in Bezug auf die fruhe „Planungsphase†, ist die einzige charakteristische Grosse mit welcher die Methoden unterschieden werden konnen. Zum S chluss wird das entwickelte Rahmenkonzept mittels einer standartisierten Aktivitats Modellierungs Technik, IDEFO, prasentiert, Die die als ein Entwurf des Busienss Modells dient. die detaillierte Das Nutzung von IDEFO ermoglicht und

Cats are not good pets

Who would ever in their right mind want a cat as a pet? Cats are the most conniving animals alive and no one should even think to keep them as a pet. There are some people who have a large number of cats in their house at one time and continue adding to the number and that is Just ridiculous. Cats can carry around a foul smell or odor and shed their hair which gets everywhere it should not be. There is also a lot of money that can be involved with investing in supplies, health and food or a cat.If anyone has a cat for a pet they should be ready to take full responsibility of the cat and all of the downfalls that come with it. If anyone owns a cat in their house then they should really consider neutering the rambunctious mammal because there is an overpopulation of cats in America. There should be a limit of how many cats a person can have in their home. â€Å"It is impossible to determine how many stray dogs and cats live in the United States; estimates for cats alone range up to 70 million† (ASPIC, 2012).If anyone owns a cat then it should be mandatory that the cat should be spayed and neutered with random inspections. Pets can be very expensive and America is currently in a recession for the people who are unaware. â€Å"The average cost of basic food, supplies, medical care and training for a dog or cat is $600 to $900 annually† (CAPS, 2012). If people do not have enough money to eat a decent meal and have ten cats at home then it is simple math. Get rid of the cat! Although some may see cats as cute and cuddly Just remember that they are very neck animals and cannot be trusted.Burning a hole into your pocket for an animal that cannot be trusted is a complete waste of money and resources. â€Å"About 78. 2 million dogs and about 86. 4 million cats are owned in the United States† (CAPS, 2012). This means that there are some animals that do not need to be around. There are too many animals that are living on the streets and taking up space . Many Americans are living on the streets and unable to find food, clothes to wear or shelter and we are worried about cats.

World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay Example

World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay Example World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay World War II, like many other wars, had a very big impact in many ways Essay Essay Topic: A Long Way Gone Back in the World Stories The whole American home front changed during World War II. More and more women started to work in factories like never before. They became more independent and stopped relying on their husbands to provide the income for their family. World War 2 revolutionized the work industry for women. Before the war, mostly men worked in factories, but after they left for war, women took their spots. Even after they returned, women were not willing to go back, and still have not turned back.World War II also affected life in Japan. A very big spark to the start of World War II was the attack on Pearl Harbor. America then decided to attack Japan, leading to the second world war. The war went from 1941 to 1945, and soon enough, we got tired of the war and all of the deaths and casualties, so we decided to bomb Hiroshima and then Nagasaki. As a result, the war ended, but a new phase sprung up in those two places. Many people were killed and injured severely. They lost everything they had from person al belongings to loved ones. It was hard for people at that time to recover from such a dramatic event. Some had no place to go because their homes were gone, and so were the people they once knew. It was a new life for everyone who survived. Everything would be different and nothing like the times they were used to.Not only was life different for people back on the home front and in Japan, but things in Europe were upside down as well. All the Jewish families in Europe were faced with the holocaust. They got sent off to concentration camps, ghetto camps, or just suffered from hiding from the Nazis. Life in the camps for them was worse than dying. The Jewish families got separated from each other, and many never saw their loved ones again. They died mainly from malnutrition and the Nazis killing them. It was so bad that people even committed suicide.Lastly, the war had a huge impact on the soldiers that were a part of it. If they were drafted, they were forced to go off to war, the beginning of a new life. They left their friends and families, knowing they might not see them again, to represent our country. However, many of them were not able to survive and died. Soldiers suffered from many diseases, and spent months and years in the cold fighting. They mightve made friends at war, but it was hard when one of them got shot or died. We know of all these stories about war life and how they fought, but in order to get the real feel for how it really was, someone would have to experience it first. The experience the soldiers had when they were fighting was not the best thing that couldve happened to them.As you can see, World War II had a big impact all around the world. Many people in different countries faced challenges that they would have to eventually overcome. Most of the challenges that came across were life changing. Some died, and the rest had to start up a totally new life, something that none of us would be willing to do.

The Botany of the Tobacco Plant

The Botany of the Tobacco Plant There are few activities more controversial than smoking tobacco. Smoking is clearly detrimental to human health, but there is little doubt that tobacco is a highly profitable plant species. Lets learn more about the plant itself, including its history, anatomy and physiology, growth habit plant types, and other potential uses. History and Background of Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum is the Latin name for tobacco. It belongs to the plant family Solanaceae, so, perhaps surprisingly, tobacco is botanically related to potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplant! Tobacco is native to the Americas, and cultivation was thought to have begun as early as 6000 BCE. It is believed that leaf blades were wilted, dried, and rolled to make primitive cigars. Columbus noted Cuban natives smoking cigars when he discovered America, and in 1560, Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, brought tobacco to England and France. Nicot made a fortune selling the plant to Europeans. Nicot also reportedly gifted tobacco to the queen of France to cure her headaches. (Did you notice that the Latin genus name for tobacco, Nicotiana, was named after Jean Nicot?) Anatomy and Physiology The cultivated tobacco plant normally grows to one or two feet high. The five flower petals are contained within a Corolla and can be colored white, yellow, pink, or red. The tobacco fruit (yes, tobacco bears fruit!) measures at 1.5 - 2 mm, and consists of a capsule containing two seeds. With the tobacco plant, however, it is the leaves that are the most economically important. The leaf blades are enormous, often growing to 20 inches long and 10 inches wide. The leaf shape can be ovate (egg-shaped), obcordate (heart-shaped) or elliptic (oval, but with a small point at one end). The leaves grow toward the base of the plant, and can be lobed or unlobed but are not separated into leaflets. On the stem, the leaves appear alternately, with one leaf per node along the stem. The leaves possess a distinct petiole. The underside of the leaf is fuzzy or hairy. Why are the tobacco leaves important? The leaves are the plant part containing the nicotine. However, the nicotine is manufactured in the plant roots, not the leaves! The nicotine is transported to the leaves via the xylem. Some species of Nicotiana are very high in nicotine content; Nicotiana rustica leaves, for example, can contain up to 18% nicotine. Growing Tobacco Plants Tobacco, a plant that is cultivated as an annual but is actually a perennial, is propagated by seed. The seeds are sown in beds; one ounce of seed in 100 square yards of soil can produce up to four acres of flue-cured tobacco, or up to three acres of burley tobacco. The plants grow for between six and ten weeks before the seedlings are transplanted into the fields. The plants are topped (their heads are cut off!) before the seed head develops, except for those plants that are used to produce next years seed. The reason the plant tops are removed when flowering begins is so all the plants energy goes to increase the size and the thickness of the leaves. The tobacco suckers (the flowering stalks and branches, which appear in response to the plant being topped) are removed so that only the large leaves are produced on the main stem. Because growers want the leaves to be large and lush, the tobacco plants are fertilized very heavily with nitrogen fertilizer. Cigar-wrapper tobacco, a staple of Connecticut agriculture, is produced under partial shade- resulting in thinner and less damaged leaves. Plants grow in the field for three to five months until harvest. The leaves are removed and purposely wilted in drying barns, and fermentation takes place during curing. Tobacco Types Several types of tobacco are grown, depending on their use: Fire-cured, used for snuff and chewing tobacco.Dark air-cured, used for chewing tobacco.Air-cured (Maryland) tobacco, used for cigarettes.Air-cured cigar tobaccos, used for cigar wrappers and fillers.Flue-cured, used for cigarette, pipe, and chewing tobacco.Burley (air-cured), used for cigarette, pipe, and chewing tobacco. Fire curing is basically what the name suggests; open fires are used so that the smoke can reach the leaves. The smoke makes the leaves darker colored and more distinctly flavored. No heat is used in air curing except to prevent mold. In flue curing, heat is applied in such a way that no smoke reaches the leaves hung in racks. Other Potential Uses What other possibilities are there for tobacco, as smoking rates have been vastly reduced over the last 20 years? Believe it or not, there is a possibility that tobacco oils can be used in biofuels. Also, researchers in India have patented an extract from tobacco called solansole, for use in several drug types.

Summarized article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summarized - Article Example These events are mentioned by the author as an anecdotal introduction to understanding the potential changes in international finance in the near future. This paper will offer a summary of the article highlighting the main ideas presented by the author (Forsyth). The author of this article describes how quantitative bond easing is likely to affect the interest rates in different regions. The author mentions the outstanding roles of the federal reserves in creating a balance of situations and eliminating concerns on the fear gauge. China, for example, has declared a lowered bank reserve requirement while the bank of England will follow suit soon. This will happen after America announces its trimming of monthly purchases of bonds. The author places emphasis on the critical role held by the US in the global financial scene. This is specifically because of the dollar, which has been used as a reserve for global currencies since the 1920s. In the past, there has been evidence that the US makes use of its â€Å"exorbitant† privileges and eventually exploits other nations. This is because the dollar still remains the center of global currency. It is both a reserve in store houses that serve other central banks and the primary currency used i n finance and trade internationally (Forsyth). The globe also relies on the dollar as the effective media when indulging I transactions and investments. The dollar has also been described as having made America’s banking and financial system very liquid and deep. Therefore, since only the US can produce the much needed dollars that control the global finances, it enjoys an exorbitant privilege. As the author outlines, there are the implications of such a privilege. An evident one is the fact that, the US can print dollars and use such in exchange for goods produced in other regions. The US can also indulge in cheap borrowing because borrowing is done in the currency it produces. Other